REPRODUCTIVE AND MILK PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF SIKHIO DAIRY COOPERATIVE SMALL HOLDER FARMS
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The objectives of this research were to investigate RP and MPP indices of smallholder farms operated under Sikhio Dairy Cooperative (SDC), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. A cross-sectional study of questionnaire and focus-group interviews were performed on 55 out of the 63 SDC farm owners to analyze socio-demographic, farm management, level of cooperation with SDC. A database analysis was conducted on their 195 dairy cows during the visits, to include age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), service per conception (SPC), conception rate at first service after calving (CFSC), calving to calving interval (CCI), calving to conception (CTC), daily milk yield (DMY), lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL). The result showed most respondents were between 20-40 years old with the highest level of education of a bachelor’s degree. Their farming experience varied among less than 5 years, 5-8 years, and more than 8 years at 32.73%, 47.27%, and 20.00%, respectively. Their SDC membership length also varied. All farms raised Holstein Friesian crossbreed cattle. All participants were considered as small-medium size (about 60% lactating cows, 16% dry cows, and 24% replacement heifers). The AFS, AFC, SPC, CFSC, CCI and CTC were 21.1 months, 32.7 months, 2.41 times, 56.6%, 436 days and 118 days, respectively. Average DMY, LMY and LL were at 13.4 kg/day/cow, 3,766 kg/lactation/cow and 317 days, which met the acceptable expectation set by Department of Livestock Development. The result indicated SDC members achieved effective MPP, but high AFC, SPC, CCI, CTC suggested substandard RP in postpartum problems and replacement heifers. In addition, farming experience (P<0.01) and level of cooperation with SDC (P<0.05) had significant positive correlation with MPP. With challenging variables presented in Nakhon Ratchasima, SDC farms still yielded satisfactory productivity, revealing SDC networking to be beneficial to smallholder farm productivity.
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