Sonar Sound Generation that Affects Underwater Object Detection
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Abstract
The first active sonar was invented by Alexander Behm, a German physicist in 1913, since then this equipment influences the practical and importance of underwater acoustic usability especially in survey and military purpose. After that, many types of sonar were developed for different purposes such as sidescan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, multibeam echo sounder, bow mount sonar. To use these sonar systems with the fullest capability, there are 3 main factors that have to be concerned which are sound wave from source (transducer), sound medium and target characteristics. This article will focus on the use of sonar for underwater feature detection by emphasis on the first factor, the sound wave from source, which is the foundation of the sonar. The characteristics of the sound produced by sonar such as frequency, amplitude, shape and pulse can determine the sonar feature detection capabilities such as size, distance, number and shape. The understanding of underwater sound in this article can be applied for any type of the sonar system used in the present.
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