Wave Energy: Potential and Opportunities in Electricity Generation for Sustainable Thailand's Future
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Abstract
This article aims to review the current literature on wave energy conversion technologies, as well as the potential and opportunities for their application in the context of Thailand. The first part presents the basic physics principles of ocean waves, types of wave energy converters and their working mechanisms, including a comparison of advantages and disadvantages with hydroelectric power generation. It then compiles the latest status of wave power projects abroad, in terms of installed capacity, efficiency, economic viability, and future development plans. The study found that as of the end of 2020, the total installed wave energy capacity was around 60 MW, accounting for only 0.00006% of global electricity generation, but with a high growth trend. It is projected to increase to 10 GW in 2030 and 100 GW in 2050. Thailand, with more than 2,811 km of coastline, has been preliminarily identified as having several potential and suitable areas for installing wave power plants, especially in the lower Andaman region and the eastern coast. Promoting these pilot projects would bring wide-ranging benefits to the country, such as enhancing the security of the electricity system, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, creating jobs and stimulating local economies, as well as promoting domestic research and technology development. To realize this potential, cooperation from all sectors is essential, particularly policy support and incentive measures from the government, coupled with public participation in balanced and sustainable coastal area management. If seriously implemented in this decade, it is expected that by 2040, Thailand will have wave power plants generating more than 500 MW of electricity.
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