Development of Water-Resistant Coating for Paper Preservation Using Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and Ethyl Cellulose
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research has developed a water-resistant coating material to preserve the condition of paper in the form of archives, documents, and books with historical importance. A mixture of ethyl cellulose and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles in a colloid form was developed and used for paper coating. The analysis with an infrared spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope revealed that this developed method allowed CaCO3 nanoparticles to be evenly embedded in the paper fibers without affecting the external appearance of paper. The results of measuring the contact angle of water droplets on paper showed that the coating material increased the water resistance of paper. After coating, the water contact angle of filter paper increased from 0 to 100°, while the water contact angle of paper from an old book increased from 75 to 80-100°. The factors that contributed to making paper more water-resistant were ethyl cellulose film coated on paper, which was hydrophobic due to the ethyl groups. Additionally, CaCO3 nanoparticles could enhance the water-resistance of paper due to the increased roughness of the paper surface. Lastly, the water-resistance of paper could be further improved by modifying the surface of CaCO3 nanoparticles with stearic acid, which had a hydrocarbon chain that reduced the interaction between water and the surface of nanoparticles coated on paper. In summary, this developed method was an effective and straightforward approach to coat and protect paper from water damage.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author has the sole responsibility for the material published in RTNA Journal of Science and Technology, which the editorial board may not agree on that material.
RTNA Journal of Science and Technology owns the copyright of the text, the illustration, or other material published in the journal. No parts or the whole of the material published may be disseminated or used in any form without first obtaining written permission from the academy.
References
ชลิตา เมฆมุกดา. การศึกษาวิเคราะห์ผลระยะยาวของวัสดุเคลือบอนุภาคนาโนแคลเซียมคาร์บอเนตและเซลลูโลสพอลิเมอร์ต่อสมบัติและการเสื่อมสภาพของกระดาษด้วยกระบวนการเร่งอายุ. วารสารวิชาการโรงเรียนนายร้อยพระจุลจอมเกล้า. 2565;20(1):22-30.
Baty JW, Maitland C, Minter W, Hubbe M, Jordan-Mowery S. Deacidification for the conservation and preservation of paper-based works: a review. Bioresources. 2010 Aug; 5(3):1955-2023.
Chamberlain D. Anion mediation of aluminium-catalysed degradation of paper. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92:1417-20.
Moiseev YV, Khalturinskii NA, Zaikov GE. The mechanism of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of glucosides. Carbohydr Res. 1976 Oct;51(1):23-37.
Poggi G, Toccafondi N, Melita LN, Knowles JC, Bozec L, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles for the conservation of cultural heritage: new formulations for the deacidification of cellulose-based artifacts. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process. 2014 Mar;114(3):685-93.
Giorgi R, Dei L, Ceccato M, Schettino C, Baglioni P. Nanotechnologies for conservation of cultural heritage: paper and canvas deacidification. Langmuir. 2002;18(21):8198-203.
Rodriguez-Navarro C, Suzuki A, Ruiz-Agudo E. Alcohol dispersions of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles for stone conservation. Langmuir. 2013 Sep 10;29(36):11457-70.
Amornkitbamrung L, Marnul M, Thirvengadam P, Hribernik S, Kovalcik A, Kargl R, et al. Strengthening of paper by treatment with a suspension of alkaline nanoparticles stabilized by trimethylsilyl cellulose. Nano-Struct Nano-Objects. 2018 Oct;16:363-70.
Amornkitbamrung L, Mohan T, Hribernik S, Reichel V, Faivre D, Gregorova A, Engel P, Kargl R, Ribitsch V. Polysaccharide stabilized nanoparticles for deacidification and strengthening of paper. RSC Adv. 2015;5:32950-61.
Shi J, Liu W, Jiang X, Liu W. Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal from tobacco-stem and its application in ethyl cellulose film as a reinforcing agent. Cellulose. 2020;27:1393-1406.
Cao Z, et al. Chemical surface modification of calcium carbonate particles with stearic acid using different treating methods. Appl Surf Sci. 2016 Aug 15;378:320-9.
Nguyen DM, et al. Synergistic influences of stearic acid coating and recycled pet microfibers on the enhanced properties of composite materials. Mater. 2020 Mar 23; 13(6):1461.
Rahmani M, Ashenai Ghasemi F, Payganeh GH. Effect of surface modification of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on their dispersion in the polypropylene matrix using stearic acid. Mech Ind. 2014 Jan;15(1):63-7.
Costa V, Simões RMS. Hydrophobicity improvement of cellulose nanofibrils films by stearic acid and modified precipitated calcium carbonate coating. J Mater Sci. 2022 Jun; 57(11):11443–59.
Abdel-Halim ES. Chemical modification of cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse: preparation of hydroxyethyl cellulose. Arab J Chem. 2014 Jul;7(3):362-71.
