Formulation development, physical stability, and preliminary safety screening of cosmetic emulsions containing banana peel extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55674/cs.v18i3.265827Keywords:
Banana peel extract, Emulsion, Skin safetyAbstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a lotion and cream containing banana peel extract for cosmetic application. The developed prototype formulations contained thickeners and emollients, and their physical, chemical, and preliminary sensory characteristics were evaluated. Experimental techniques used particle size analysis, viscosity and pH measurement as well as in vitro irritancy on reconstructed human epidermis (OECD 439). Cytocompatibility was also evaluated using HaCaT cell lines through the MTT assay. Both lotion and cream formulations containing banana peel extract (0.1% w w-1) showed consistent appearance and physical properties under the tested conditions. Skin irritation test results showed that the formulations are classified as non-irritant (viability > 50% relative to the negative control) according to OECD TG 439 criteria. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that all formulations at 1000 µg mL⁻¹ (extract-equivalent) were non-cytotoxic, maintaining cell viability above 70% in accordance with ISO 10993-5. These results suggest preliminary feasibility and in vitro safety under the tested conditions, indicating the potential of banana peel extract as a sustainable cosmetic ingredient for further dermatological development.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
HIGHLIGHTS
- Both the lotion and cream formulations with banana peel extract demonstrated excellent physical stability, uniform particle distribution, and superior skin-friendly sensory attributes, confirming their suitability as safe topical cosmetic products.
- In vitro safety testing showed that all developed formulations were non-cytotoxic (viability >80% and <20% cytotoxicity at 1,000 µg ml-1), with cream exhibiting the lowest cytotoxicity—highlighting the potential of banana peel extract as a biocompatible ingredient for advanced dermatological applications.
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