Mathematical Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Stability in Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Vehicles
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Abstract
With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), understanding their stability characteristics compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is crucial. This study investigates the impact of suspension tuning strategies on the stability of EVs, with a comparative reference to ICE vehicles. The analysis explores how mass distribution and control methods influence ride comfort and handling performance. A mathematical modeling approach is employed to examine how differences in mass distribution and suspension parameters affect vehicle stability. The results indicate that EVs experience lower ride comfort due to increased unsprung mass but exhibit improved road-holding capabilities. While EVs demonstrate greater roll stability at low frequencies due to a lower center of gravity, their yaw stability is less favorable, with increased deviations from the intended trajectory. To mitigate these drawbacks, a skyhook-damped semi-active suspension control strategy was implemented, improving ride comfort and handling stability. This study employs average parameters derived from 13 prior works to construct representative models of ICE and EV vehicles. As such, the findings highlight general trends rather than the behavior of any specific vehicle model. While the modeling approach effectively captures fundamental stability characteristics, further research incorporating nonlinear vehicle dynamics models and real-world experimental validation is recommended to enhance the applicability of these findings. Note that this study does not compare all possible ICE or EV configurations and is based on typical passenger car data; specialized ICE layouts such as boxer engines are not considered.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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