Experimental Investigation of the Effects of a Reduced Exhaust Gas Re-circulation Rate on the Performance and Emissions of CI Engines Running on Biodiesel made from Dairy Waste Scum Oil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Biodiesel resembles the qualities of fossil diesel while it is also proven to be a greener fuel and viable alternative. However, the primary challenge of using biodiesel was higher emissions of Nitrogen oxides (NOx). Hence to minimize the NOx, an exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) system could be utilized and could resolve the challenges associated with this higher NOx emissions. In this study, dairy waste scum oil biodiesel was prepared and blended with diesel at 20% by volume (B20) and three different EGR percentages 5%, 10%, and 15%, were investigated on the characteristics of CI engine. Based on the test outcomes, a drop in NOx has been observed with a 15% rate of EGR which is 6.1% lower than conventional diesel. Moreover, brake thermal efficiency increased by 11% as compared to diesel. However, a slight increase in other exhaust emissions was noticed with EGR. The findings indicate that utilizing a lower rate of exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) at 15 % in conjunction with a B20 blend of dairy waste scum oil biodiesel yields optimal engine performance while minimizing NOx emissions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ambat I, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;90:356-369.
Baskar G, Gurugulladevi A, Nishanthini T, Aiswarya R, Tamilarasan K. Optimization and kinetics of biodiesel production from Mahua oil using manganese doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst. Renew Energy. 2017;103:641-646.
Channappagoudra M. Comparative study of baseline and modified engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG. Renew Energy. 2020;151:604-618.
Yatish KV, Harsha Hebbar HR, Sakar M, Balakrishna RG. A comprehensive review on dairy waste-scum as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2022;160:921-947.
Yaliwal VS, Banapurmath NR, Soudagar MEM, Afzal A, Ahmadi P. Effect of manifold and port injection of hydrogen and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in dairy scum biodiesel - low energy content gas-fueled CI engine operated on dual fuel mode. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2022;47(10):6873-6897.
Anand T, Debbarma S. Experimental investigation of fuel injection timing effects on a CRDI diesel engine running on hydrogen-enriched waste plastic oil. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2024;57:1051-1069.
Velmurugan A, Rajamurugan TV, Rajaganapathy C, Murugapoopathi S, Amesho KTT. Enhancing performance, reducing emissions, and optimizing combustion in compression ignition engines through hydrogen, nitrogen, and EGR addition: an experimental study. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2024;49:1360-1375.
Saidi M, Amirnia R. Recent advances on application of Metal-Organic framework based catalysts in biodiesel production Process: a review of catalyst types and activity, challenges and opportunities. Fuel. 2024;363:130905.
Maleki B, Ashraf Talesh SS, Mansouri M. Comparison of catalysts types performance in the generation of sustainable biodiesel via transesterification of various oil sources: a review study. Mater Today Sustain. 2022;18:100157.
Singh AK, Singh K. Utilization of whey for the production of instant energy beverage by using response surface methodology. Adv J Food Sci Technol. 2012;4(2):103-111.
Priyanka TA, Gawande AP. Production of biodiesel & glycerine by using dairy waste. Int J Eng Appl Technol. 2013;2(1):143-148.
Sarno M, Iuliano M. Biodiesel production from dairy waste scum by using a efficient nano-biocatalyst. Chem Eng Trans. 2020;79:181-186.
Datta A, Hossain A, Roy S. An overview on biofuels and their advantages and disadvantages. Asian J Chem. 2019;31(8):1851-1858.
Veera Venkata Denish K, Anjappa SB, Anil Kumar S, Mohammed S. CFD simulation and performance testing of producer gas fuelled IC engine. Int J Emerg Technol Innov Res. 2023;10(8):c101-c112.
Liang J, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Zheng Z. The effects of EGR rates and ternary blends of biodiesel/n-pentanol/diesel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine. Fuel. 2021;286:119297.
Rao GP, Prasad LSV. Combined influence of compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation on the diverse characteristics of the diesel engine fueled with novel palmyra biodiesel blend. Energy Convers Manag: X. 2022;14:100185.
Sakhare NM, Shelke PS, Lahane S. Experimental investigation of effect of exhaust gas recirculation and cottonseed B20 biodiesel fuel on diesel engine. Procedia Technol. 2016;25:869-876.
Öztürk E, Can Ö. Effects of EGR, injection retardation and ethanol addition on combustion, performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola biodiesel/diesel fuel blend. Energy. 2022;244:123129.
Venu H, Subramani L, Raju VD. Emission reduction in a DI diesel engine using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of palm biodiesel blended with TiO2 nano additives. Renew Energy. 2019;140:245-263.
Venkatesan V, Nallusamy N, Nagapandiselvi P. Performance and emission analysis on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation in a tractor diesel engine using pine oil and soapnut oil methyl ester. Fuel. 2021;290:120077.
Jaliliantabar F, Ghobadian B, Carlucci AP, Najafi G, Mamat R, Ficarella A, et al. A comprehensive study on the effect of pilot injection, EGR rate, IMEP and biodiesel characteristics on a CRDI diesel engine. Energy. 2020;194:116860.
Deepak Kumar T, Hussain SS, Ramesha DK. Effect of a zinc oxide nanoparticle fuel additive on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with cotton seed biodiesel blends. Mater Today: Proc. 2020;26:2374-2378.
Ramesh DK, Dhananjaya Kumar JL, Hemanth Kumar SG, Namith V, Jambagi PB, Sharath S. Study on effects of Alumina nanoparticles as additive with Poultry litter biodiesel on Performance, combustion and emission characteristic of diesel engine. Mater Today: Proc. 2018;5(1):1114-1120.
El-Hamidi M, Zaher FA. Production of vegetable oils in the world and in Egypt: an overview. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2018;42(1):19.
Kulandaivel D, Rahamathullah IG, Sathiyagnanam AP, Gopal K, Damodharan D, Melvin Victor DP. Effect of retarded injection timing and EGR on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a CRDi diesel engine fueled with WHDPE oil/diesel blends. Fuel. 2020;278:118304.
Öztürk E, Can Ö, Usta N, Yücesu HS. Effects of retarded fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with canola biodiesel. Eng Sci Technol Int J. 2020;23(6):1466-1475.
Marri VB, Kotha MM, Gaddale APR. Experimental investigations on the influence of higher injection pressures and retarded injection timings on a single cylinder CRDi diesel engine. Int J Ambient Energy. 2021;42(4):444-457.
M. Nandeesh, Rajashekar CR, Banapurmath NR. Effect of injection timing on the utilization of B20 blends of dairy scum oil methyl esters (Dsome) fulled diesel engine. Eur J Sustain Dev Res. 2019;3(2):em0082.
Srikanth HV, Venkatesh J, Godiganur S, Manne B, Bharath Kumar S, Spurthy S. Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of dairy-washed milk scum biodiesel in a dual cylinder compression ignition engine. Energy Sources A: Recovery Util Environ Eff. 2020;42(23):2873-2890.
Jayaraman J, Alagu K, Venu H, Appavu P, Joy N, Jayaram P, et al. Enzymatic production of rice bran biodiesel and testing of its diesel blends in a four-stroke CI engine. Energy Sources A: Recovery Util Environ Eff. 2023;45(2):5340-5351.
Appavu P, Venkata Ramanan M, Jayaraman J, Venu H. NOx emission reduction techniques in biodiesel-fuelled CI engine: a review. Aust J Mech Eng. 2021;19(2):210-220.
Lobo A, Ramesha DK. Experimental investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine using waste cooking oil-derived biodiesel with ethanol with application of EGR. In: Ramesh CS, Ghosh P, Natarajan E, editors. Recent Trends in Mechanical Engineering. Lecture notes in mechanical engineering. Singapore: Springer; 2021. p. 1-17.
Channappagoudra M, Ramesh K, Manavendra G. Effect of injection timing on diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics operated with Dairy Scum Biodiesel. Int J Curr Eng Technol. 2018;8(3):514-525.
Shivashimpi MM, Banapurmath NR, Alur SA, Khandal SV. Effect of injection parameters: injection timing and injection pressure on the performance of diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester. Eur J Sustain Deve Res. 2019;3(2):em007.
Channappagoudra M, Ramesh K, Manavendra G. Effect of injection timing on modified direct injection diesel engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG. Renew Energy. 2020;147:1019-1032.
Karthic SV, Senthil Kumar M, Nataraj G, Pradeep P. An assessment on injection pressure and timing to reduce emissions on diesel engine powered by renewable fuel. J Clean Prod. 2020;255:120186.
Diger Kulaksiz B, Paluzar H. Sunflower oil deodorizer distillate as novel feedstock for biodiesel production and its characterization as a fuel. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2023;13:4171-4181.
Folayan AJ, Anawe PAL, Aladejare AE, Ayeni AO. Experimental investigation of the effect of fatty acids configuration, chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation on biodiesel fuel properties obtained from lauric oils, high-oleic and high-linoleic vegetable oil biomass. Energy Rep. 2019;5:793-806.
Tutunea D. Study of the variation of kinematic viscosity and density of various biodiesel blends with temperature. Revista de Chimie. 2018;69(7):1645-1648.
Alviso D, Saab E, Clevenot P, Romano SD. Flash point, kinematic viscosity and refractive index: variations and correlations of biodiesel–diesel blends. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2020;42(6):347.
Giakoumis EG, Sarakatsanis CK. A comparative assessment of biodiesel cetane number predictive correlations based on fatty acid composition. Energies. 2019;12(3):422.