Influence of Durian Rind Cellulose Microfiber as the Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Bio-composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/rmutlengj.2024.9Keywords:
Durian rind cellulose, Polylactic acid, Biocomposite, Mechanical propertiesAbstract
This work aims to study the influence of durian rind cellulose (DRC) microfiber as a reinforcing filler on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites. Cellulose from durian rind will be extracted using sodium hydroxide solution and bleached treatment with hydrogen peroxide. X-Ray fluorescence technique was used to examine the chemical composition of durian rind cellulose, and functional groups were analyzed using FT-IR technique. PLA was mixed with DRC microfibers particle size of 300 μm by using a mixing apparatus, and then melt-blending by extruder in varying ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 93/7, 90/10, and 80/20wt%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of PLA/DRC composites in the tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and shore-D hardness of the composites at DRC microfibers of 20 wt% was increased a maximum of 64%, 21%, and 16%, respectively, as compared to the neat PLA. On the other hand, the tensile strength, and flexural strength of the composites at DRC microfibers of 20 wt% was depressed by 9%, and 23%, respectively, as compared to the neat PLA. Polymer composites reinforced with DRC microfiber had increased water absorption when increasing DRC microfiber particles. PLA biocomposites as a new eco-friendly alternative material, and can be used to as compostable chopsticks.
References
Office of Agricultural Economics. Available from: http://oae.go.th/view/1[Accessed 14th March 2023].
Jumaidin R, Whang LY, Ilyas RA, Hazrati KZ, Jamal T, Alia RA. Effect of durian peel fiber on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation characteristics of thermoplastic cassava starch composites. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;250:126295.
Manshor MR, Anuar H, Aimi MNN, Fitrie MIA, Nazri WBW, Sapuan SM, El-Shekeil YA, Wahit MU. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of durian skin fibre reinforced PLA biocomposites. Mater Des. 2014;59:279-86.
Lee MC, Koay SC, Chan MY, Choo HL, Pang MM, Chou PM, Tshai KY. Properties of poly (lactic acid) /durian husk fiber biocomposites: effects of fiber content and processing aid. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2019;33(11):1518-532.
Xing H, Fei Y, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhang J, Niu C, Fu Q, Cheng J, Lu L. Green preparation of durian rind-based cellulose nanofiber and its application in aerogel. Molecules. 2022;27(19):6507.
Nadondu B, Surin P, Deeying J. Multi-objective optimization on mechanical properties of glass-carbon and durian skin fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites using the extreme mixture design response surface methodology. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2022;17:e01675.
Kinoshita T, Yamamoto T, Luo C, Ide K, Aoki K, Uetsuji Y. Mechanical characterization and design of hybrid reinforced polypropylene composites with talc fillers and cellulose fibers. Compos B Eng. 2023;226:110971.
Zhao X, Li K, Wang Y, Tekinalp H, Larsen G, Rasmussen D, Ginder RS, Wang L, Gardner DJ, Tajvidi M, Webb E, Ozcan S. High-strength polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites reinforced by epoxy-modified pine fibers. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng. 2020;8:13236-247.
Sitticharoen W, Uthiyoung C, Wongkhumpun W, Chaitep S, Honghin T. Effect of hybrid ratio and surface-modifier hemp fiber/talc on PLA hybrid biocomposites. Suranaree J Sci Tech. 2022; 29(1):010093.
Rafiqah SA, Diyana AFN, Abdan K, Sapuan SM. Effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of miswak (salvadora persica) fiber-reinforced polylactic acid. Polymers. 2023;15(9):2228.
Jesus LCC, Oliveira JM, Lea˜o RM, Beltrami LR, Zattera AJ, Anflor CTM, Doca TCR, Luz SM. Tensile behavior analysis combined with digital image correlation and mechanical and thermal properties of microfibrillated cellulose fiber/polylactic acid composites. Polym Test. 2022;113:107665.
Saenghirunwattana P, Noomhorm A, Rungsardthong V. Mechanical properties of soy protein based “green” composites reinforced with surface modified cornhusk fiber. Ind Crops Prod. 2014;60:144-50.
Jumaidin R, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M, Ishak MR, Sahari J. Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar hybrid composites. Int J Biol. Macromol. 2017;97:606-15.
Edhirej A, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M, Zahari NI. Cassava/sugar palm fiber reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites: physical, thermal and structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;101:75-3.
Kunthadong P, Peekoh M, Sindanjark O. Bio-composite films based on cassava starch reinforced with durian rind cellulose fibers. RMUTP Res J. 2019;13(1):39-50.Thai.
Tang Y, Yang S, Zhang N, Zhang J. Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose via low-intensity ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Cellulose. 2014;2:335-46.
Ratanasongtham P. Preparation of eco-friendly blended bioplastic film between blend of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose extracted from nelumbo nucifera gaertn stalk. J Appl Res Sci Tech. 2022;21(2):26-38.Thai.
Bakar NFA, Rahman NA, Mahadi M, Zuki SAM, Amin KNM, Wahab MZ, Lenggoro IW. Nanocellulose from Oil palm mesocarp fiber using hydrothermal treatment with low concentration of oxalic acid. Mater Today Proc. 2022;48(6):1899-904.
Nematollahi R, Ziyadi H, Ghasemi E, Taheri H. Cinnamon nanocellulose as a novel catalyst to remove methyl orange from aqueous solution. Inorg Chem Commun. 2022; 137(5):109222.
Jiang H, Wang G, Chen F, Deng J, Chen X. Effect of accelerated aging on bamboo fiber lunch box and correlation with soil burial degradation. Polymers. 2022;14:4220.
Nadlene R, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M, Ishak MR, Yusriah L. The effects of treatment on the structural and thermal, physical and mechanical and morphological properties of roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites. Polym Compos. 2016;39(1):1-14.
Reddy KO, Maheswari CU, Dhlamini MS, Mothudi BM, Zhang J, Zhang J, Nagarajan R, Rajali AV. Preparation and characterization of regenerated cellulose films using borassus fruit fibers and an ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym. 2017;160:203-11.
Sitticharoen W, Aukaranarakul S, Kantalue K, Study of thermal and mechanical properties of LLDPE/sugarcane bagasse/eggshell hybrid biocomposites. Walailak J Sci & Tech. 2019;16(10):739-51.
Sitticharoen W, Uthiyoung C, Passadee N, WongpromC. Surface treated bagasse fiber ash on rheological, mechanical properties of PLA/BFA biocomposites. Polímeros. 2018; 28(3):187-95.
Awad S, Hamouda T, Midani M, Katsou E, Fan M. Polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with date palm sheath fiber bio-composites: evaluation of fiber density, geometry, and content on the physical and mechanical properties. J Nat Fibers. 2022; 20(1):2143979.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
For Author
