การผลิตไบโอดีเซลจากน้ำมันพืชใช้แล้วในชุมชนจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ โดยตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาเปลือกปูม้า

Abstract

Biodiesel produced from used vegetable oil by transesterification process using heterogeneous catalyst such as calcined wood ash and bone ash was interested research in biodiesel production because it advantages for environment and reduced production cost. This research aimed to study biodiesel production from used vegetable oil via transesterification process using calcined blue crab shell ash (CBCSA). Blue crab shell ash was calcined at 900 °C for 4 hr and then it was used in transesterification reaction using used vegetable oil as feed stock with methanol. The experiments were done under condition of molar ratio methanol: oil of 3:1-15:1, CBCSA catalyst amount at 5-15%wt and reaction time of 2 hr. CBCSA was examined characteristic by scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The results showed CBCSA had continuous particle dispersion and porous in particle structures which make them higher surface area. The average particle area, average pore area and average pore diameter of CBCSA were about 463.97 µm², 1.25 µm² and 1.34 µm, respectively. Element and compound analysis of CBCSA were found high contents of calcium (Ca) and calcium oxide (CaO). They were around 48.34% and 75.21%, respectively. The optimum conditions of biodiesel production were 10% catalyst amount using methanol: oil malar ratio of 9:1 at 65 °C for 2 hr. The maximum mass yield of biodiesel extended to 82.58% and physicochemical properties of biodiesel were closed to the standard announced by the department of energy business, Ministry of Energy (Thailand).