THE EFFECTS OF RHIZOBIUM AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF COWPEA VARIETIES
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The study was conducted to determine the effects of rhizobium and Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on the growth of three cowpea varieties (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). The cowpea inoculated with three Rhizobium strains (R14, R41 and R55) and four AMF strains (AMF1, AMF2, AMF3 and AMF4) were evaluated with a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of 3 groups and each group was divided into six treatments in completely randomized design: (1) control treatment (non-inoculated plant), (2) rhizobium treatment (inoculated with rhizobium isolated R14, R41 and R55 for cowpea no. 14, 41, and 55, respectively), (3) AMF1 treatment (dual inoculation with each rhizobium and AMF1), (4) AMF2 treatment (dual inoculation with each rhizobium and AMF2), (5) AMF3 treatment (dual inoculation with each rhizobium and AMF3) and (6) AMF4 treatment (dual inoculation with each rhizobium and AMF4). The results showed that rhizobium inoculation increased shoot dry weight of all cowpea varieties higher than control treatment with 14, 45, and 28%, respectively. The cowpea no.14 and 41 that rhizobium inoculation increased the amounts of nitrogen from nitrogen-fixation higher than control treatment by 70 and 47%, respectiv ely. The dual inoculation of rhizobium and AMF on a percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus content were not statistically significant from the control treatment. The amounts of nitrogen from nitrogen-fixation of cowpea strain 14 and 55 with dual inoculation of Rhizobium R14 or R15 and all groups of AMF were lower than a single rhizobium inoculation. The amounts of nitrogen from nitrogen-fixation of cowpea strain 41 and 55 with dual inoculation of rhizobium R14 and AMF2 or AMF3 or AMF4 were higher than a single rhizobium inoculation. This study concluded that the growth of cowpea and amounts of nitrogen from nitrogen-fixation of cowpea could have been improved by specific rhizobium. However, the dual inoculation of rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal remains to be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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