การศึกษาการเชื่อมโยงน้ำและความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพลังงานในการผลิตน้ำประปาของเมืองพัทยาในประเทศไทย

Abstract

Tourism cities use more water and energy resources than other city types. Therefore, the water-energy nexus and CO₂ emissions are urgent issues to manage. This paper studies the nexus between water distribution systems and energy usage. It studies the improvements of the water distribution system to reduce water production and estimates energy-related CO₂ emission reductions in water supply systems. The water supply systems are improved by installing electric control values in a case study (Pattaya city) at five water supply stations. Moreover, it was found that the original Mabprachan station emitted CO₂ as much as 1,247 kgCO₂eq/day after adjusting the valves to 873 kgCO₂eq/day. The original Bang Lamung station emitted 2,027 kgCO₂eq/day after adjusting the valves to 1,294 kgCO₂eq/day. The original wreck station was liberated 779 kgCO₂eq/day after valve adjustment was reduced to 390 kgCO₂eq/day, former Na Jomtien station emitted up to 1,715 kgCO₂eq/day after valve adjusted down to 1,590 kgCO₂eq/day, old Chaiyaphon Way station emitted up to 1,715 kgCO₂eq/day after valve adjustment reduced to 951 kgCO₂eq/day. The water supply systems are designed in the EPANET model to simulate and investigate the water supply capability in the service pipes of five water supply stations with flow rates between 800-1,300 m³/hour and pressures between 20-45 m. Results are shown that the water supply reductions decreased the amounts of water production from the original production of 115,200 m³/day to 78,480 m³/day. The electricity consumption is 12,856 kWh/day, and the energy-related CO₂ emissions are 7,483 kgCO₂eq/day. Adjusting electric control values at the five stations regulates the flow rate and follows the water supply demand. Consequently, the electricity consumption is 8,759 kWh/day. Total electricity consumption and CO₂ emissions are reduced by 1,495,400 MWh/year and 870,530 tCO₂eq/year, respectively.