MUANG KHONG’S TRADITIONAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM: LOCAL WISDOM FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMNT IN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES OF TH LOWLAND BASIN, CHIANG DAO DISTRICT, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE

Abstract

The objectves of this study were to investigate the Muang Khong’s traditional irrigation system and the role of local wisdom in community water management, and analyze the conservation and development strategies to help the system adapt to environmental changes and rising water demand in the lowland agricultural community of Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai. This study employed a qualitative approach, collecting data from in-depth interviews and field surveys. The sample group comprised 36 participants, including six community leaders and 30 residents. Research instruments included semi-structured interviews and spatial data surveys. The data were analyzed using interview transcriptions and physical site assessments. The findings revealed that the traditional irrigation system served as an effective model of water management based on local wisdom. It consisted of weirs, irrigation canals, water-diversion structures (Tang Nam), rainwater storage ponds, and embankments, which collectively distributed water to agricultural areas. The rotational water allocation system and the role of Kae Fai (weir caretakers) were crucial in ensuring efficient water distribution. However, environmental changes and the increasing water demand had challenged the system's stability. The conservation and development approach integrated local wisdom with modern technology to maintain water management efficiency and adaptability to environmental shifts. Key strategies involved strengthening weir structures, increasing water storage capacity, and integrating modern technology for efficient management. The rotational water allocation system remained a core mechanism for equitable water distribution, relying on community participation. Moreover, collaboration among stakeholders strengthened the system's resilience, ensuring that Muang Kong maintained a sustainable water management system that would align with its local context.