Physico-Mechanical Properties of Mortar in Place of Fine Aggregate with Multi-Layer Laminated Packaging
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the properties of mortar when mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap. By investigating the physical and mechanical properties of multi-layer laminated scrap substituting sand in different combination ratios. It was evaluated to measure water demand, absorption, and compressive strength, with the goal of using multi-layer laminated packaging leftovers as construction materials to further decrease environmental problems. Each specimen, which measured 50 mm by 50 mm by 50 mm, was used to create mortar. A volumetric mixture of cement and fine aggregate was utilized, with a ratio of 1:2.75 by weight. Subsequently, the percentage replacement of the multi-layer laminated scrap with fine aggregate was recorded as follows: 0%, 36%, 64%, and 100%. Then, a pavement brick mold was used to form pavement bricks mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap compare with plain pavement bricks. Compressive strength and water absorption were tested. Each mixture, including the control, had three replications, and the compressive strength was measured at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing. The findings for water absorption showed that when employing more multi-layer laminated scrap, the amount of water used in molding increases. Although water demand reduced, flow values remained within the typical range of 110±5%. After 28 days of specimen aging, the compressive strength of mortar when mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap was 271, 247, 170, and 120 ksc, respectively. The compressive strength of the varied ratios dropped as the amount of multi-layer laminated scrap in the mix ratio increased.
Article Details
References
Walker, T.W., et al., “Recycling of multilayer plastic packaging materials by solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation.” Science advances, vol.6, no.47, pp. eaba7599, 2020.
Ingabire, D., et al., “Recycling High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) into construction materials as a key step in plastic waste reduction: case of Kigali City.” Rwanda Journal of Engineering, Science, Technology and Environment, vol.1, no.1, 2018.
Mieth, A., E. Hoekstra, and C. Simoneau, “Guidance for the identification of polymers in multilayer films used in food contact materials.”, European Commission JRC Technical reports, 2016.
Anukiruthika, T., et al., “Multilayer packaging: Advances in preparation techniques and emerging food applications.”, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, vol.19, no.3, pp. 1156-1186, 2020.
Kaiser, K., M. Schmid, and M. Schlummer, “Recycling of polymer-based multilayer packaging: A review.”, Recycling, vol.3, no.1, pp.1, 2017.
Wagner Jr, J.R., “Multilayer flexible packaging.”, William Andrew, 2016.
Robertson, G.L., “Food packaging: principles and practice.”, CRC press., 2005.
Ragaert, K., et al., “Design from recycling: A complex mixed plastic waste case study.”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.155, pp. 104646, 2020.
Hahladakis, J.N. and E. Iacovidou, “Closing the loop on plastic packaging materials: What is quality and how does it affect their circularity?”, Science of the Total Environment, vol.630, pp. 1394-1400, 2018.
Saikia, N. and J. De Brito, “Use of plastic waste as aggregate in cement mortar and concrete preparation: A review.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.34, pp. 385-401, 2012.
Silva, R., J. De Brito, and R. Dhir, “Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.65, pp. 201-217, 2014.
Horodytska, O., F.J. Valdés, and A. Fullana, “Plastic flexible films waste management–A state of art review.” Waste management, vol.77, pp. 413-425, 2018.
Babayemi, J.O., et al., “Ensuring sustainability in plastics use in Africa: consumption, waste generation, and projections.”, Environmental Sciences Europe, vol.31, no.1, pp. 1-20. 2019.
Safi, B., Saidi, M., Aboutaleb, D., & Maallem, M., “The use of plastic waste as fine aggregate in the self-compacting mortars: Effect on physical and mechanical properties.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.43, pp. 436-442, 2013.
Madandoust, R., Ranjbar, M. M., & Mousavi, S. Y., “An investigation on the fresh properties of self-compacted lightweight concrete containing expanded polystyrene.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.25, no. 9, pp. 3721-3731, 2011.
El-Seidy, E., et al., “Lightweight alkali-activated materials and ordinary Portland cement composites using recycled polyvinyl chloride and waste glass aggregates to fully replace natural sand.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.368, pp. 130399, 2023.
De la Colina Martínez, A.L., et al., “Recycled polycarbonate from electronic waste and its use in concrete: Effect of irradiation.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.201, pp. 778-785, 2019.
Bergamonti, L., et al., “Lightweight hybrid organic-inorganic geopolymers obtained using polyurethane waste.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.185, pp. 285-292, 2018.
Yuan, Z. and Y. Jia, “Mechanical properties and microstructure of glass fiber and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete: An experimental study.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.266, pp. 121048, 2021.
Wiswamitra, K.A., et al., “Heat resistance of lightweight concrete with plastic aggregate from PET (polyethylene terephthalate)-mineral filler.”, AIMS Materials Science, vol.8, no.1, pp. 99-118, 2021.
Selvi, M.T., A. Dasarathy, and S.P. Ilango, “Mechanical properties on light weight aggregate concrete using high density polyethylene granules.”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.81, pp. 926-930, 2023.
Alqahtani, F.K., I.S. Abotaleb, and M. ElMenshawy, “Life cycle cost analysis of lightweight green concrete utilizing recycled plastic aggregates.”, Journal of Building Engineering, vol.40, pp. 102670, 2021.
Coppola, B., Courard, L., Michel, F., Incarnato, L., & Di Maio, L., “Investigation on the use of foamed plastic waste as natural aggregates replacement in lightweight mortar.”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol.99, pp. 75-83, 2016.
Al-Manaseer, A. A., & Dalal, T. R., “Concrete containing plastic aggregates.”, Concrete international, vol.19, no.8, pp. 47-52, 1997.
Marinelli, S., et al., “Waste plastic and rubber in concrete and cement mortar: A tertiary literature review.”, Sustainability, vol.15, no.9, pp. 7232, 2023.
Alhasanat, M.B., et al., “The Addition of Plastic Waste in Self-Compacted Concrete: A Critical Review the Addition of Plastic Waste in Self-Compacted.”, International Journal of Current Research., vol.8, pp. 33240-33244, 2016.
Pakravan, H.R. and T. Ozbakkaloglu, “Synthetic fibers for cementitious composites: A critical and in-depth review of recent advances.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.207, pp. 491-518, 2019.
Almeshal, I., et al., “Use of recycled plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: A review.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.253, pp. 119146, 2020.
Jethy, B., et al., “Critical review on the evolution, properties, and utilization of plastic wastes for construction applications.”, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol.24, no.2, pp. 435-451, 2022.
Awoyera, P., E. Onoja, and A. Adesina, “Fire resistance and thermal insulation properties of foamed concrete incorporating pulverized ceramics and mineral admixtures.”, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol.21, no.1, pp. 147-156, 2020.
Jnr, A.K.-L., et al., “Recycling waste plastics in developing countries: Use of low-density polyethylene water sachets to form plastic bonded sand blocks.”, Waste Management, vol.80, pp. 112-118, 2018.
Thorneycroft, J., Orr, J., Savoikar, P., & Ball, R. J., “Performance of structural concrete with recycled plastic waste as a partial replacement for sand.”, Construction and Building Materials, vol.161, pp. 63-69, 2018.
Suriyaa, M., et al., “Experimental study on strength behaviour of plastic sand bricks.”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol.9, pp. 6-9, 2021.
Tufa, M., et al., “Study of sand-plastic composite using optimal mixture design of experiments for best compressive strength.”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.47, pp. 480-487, 2021.
Li, X., T.-C. Ling, and K.H. Mo, “Functions and impacts of plastic/rubber wastes as eco-friendly aggregate in concrete–A review.”, Construction and building materials, vol.240, pp. 117869, 2020.
Mohajerani, A., et al., “Recycling waste rubber tyres in construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review.”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.155, pp. 104679, 2020.