SAU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Isolating hydrogen from water for diesel engine

Sittichot Kradang-nga — 2024-06-13

This paper focuses on designing a hydrogen separator for water and developing a hydrogen production and distribution system for a 4-stroke Compression Ignition Engine (CIE) with a displacement of 2,500 cc and a constant engine speed of 1,100, 1,300, 1,500, and 1,700 RPM. STL 316L stainless steel sheets are used for both the hydrogen water separator and control tools. Each of the 3 channels consists of 3 sets, totaling 42 sheets with 14 poles, including 7 negative and 7 positive poles. The efficiency of hydrogen gas separation from water is measured, revealing that 1,100 RPM results in the highest fuel consumption rate. The average consumption rate of mixed hydrogen gas is 226 CC/min, compared to 325 CC/min for diesel fuel, resulting in a fuel savings of 99 CC/min. In comparison to the electricity used, the highest electric current is 14 A, with an average power of 163 W for electricity at a DC voltage of 12 V. The tests demonstrate that the engine utilizes the least amount of power (146.41 W) and consumes the least amount of fuel (99 CC/min) at 1,100 RPM. Based on these findings, it is determined that utilizing a hydrogen gas separation system from water mixed with diesel fuel could result in a 40% fuel savings.

Energy Efficiency Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in the Whole Life Cycle of Urban Rail Vehicles

JINGJIE YAN — 2024-06-13

This paper analyses the energy efficiency of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) throughout the entire life cycle of urban rail vehicles, using a vehicle with PMSM from a metro line as an example. The paper utilizes actual vehicle operation data to establish a model for vehicle energy consumption. It then statistically estimates the full life cycle of the energy consumption value of the vehicle with PMSM , as well as the energy consumption during the four phases of individual acceleration, uniform speed, braking, and stopping. This paper comprehensively considers vehicles' energy consumption and cost and conducts a comparative analysis of the PMSM and asynchronous motors (AM) vehicles. The results show that the vehicle with PMSM saves 40% and 36% of energy consumption and cost throughout the life cycle. The data presented in this paper demonstrates that vehicle with PMSM offer significant energy-saving advantages throughout their life cycle. Therefore, the PMSM reduces operational energy consumption and improves the economy and environmental friendliness of the vehicles. The paper provides data to support the optimization and control of energy consumption in urban rail vehicles.

Suggestions of water-saving measures: A Case Study of a University in southern China

yundan zhou — 2024-06-13

Water resources are one of the key elements of global sustainable development. However, water resources are currently facing serious challenges worldwide, including water scarcity, water pollution, and imbalanced supply and demand. Water conservation measures have always been an important issue for solving various water resource problems worldwide. This article took a university in southern of the People's Republic of China as an example, documented existing water-saving measures, and proposed improvements for systematic and effective water resource protection and utilization. The findings were key recommendations such as replacing manual with automatic water-saving facilities, adding a remote water meter for leak detection, renovating the hot water system, enhancing rainwater reuse and improving the effective utilization of miscellaneous water systems for efficient water recycling. Among them, effective utilization of miscellaneous water can save at least 30000 tons of water and 135000 yuan per year.

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Mortar in Place of Fine Aggregate with Multi-Layer Laminated Packaging

Kultida Bunjongsiri — 2024-06-13

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the properties of mortar when mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap. By investigating the physical and mechanical properties of multi-layer laminated scrap substituting sand in different combination ratios. It was evaluated to measure water demand, absorption, and compressive strength, with the goal of using multi-layer laminated packaging leftovers as construction materials to further decrease environmental problems. Each specimen, which measured 50 mm by 50 mm by 50 mm, was used to create mortar. A volumetric mixture of cement and fine aggregate was utilized, with a ratio of 1:2.75 by weight. Subsequently, the percentage replacement of the multi-layer laminated scrap with fine aggregate was recorded as follows: 0%, 36%, 64%, and 100%. Then, a pavement brick mold was used to form pavement bricks mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap compare with plain pavement bricks. Compressive strength and water absorption were tested. Each mixture, including the control, had three replications, and the compressive strength was measured at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing. The findings for water absorption showed that when employing more multi-layer laminated scrap, the amount of water used in molding increases. Although water demand reduced, flow values remained within the typical range of 110±5%. After 28 days of specimen aging, the compressive strength of mortar when mixed with multi-layer laminated scrap was 271, 247, 170, and 120 ksc, respectively. The compressive strength of the varied ratios dropped as the amount of multi-layer laminated scrap in the mix ratio increased.