Preparation of Adsorbent for Mercury Ion and Sulfide Ion from Waste Tire Rubber
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jul 8, 2020
Keywords:
Waste Tire Rubber Chemical Modification Adsorbent Mercury Ion Sulfide Ion
Main Article Content
Abstract
Waste tires tends to cause grave environment problems because the number of used tires arise annually while rubber tyres are not eco-friendly as they are non-biodegradable. In this study, waste tire rubber was modified to be an adsorbent by using oxidation reaction in the mixture of the HNO3/NaNO2 (1.0% w/v.) system. Waste tire rubber was modified at 30°C for 4 hours with different volumes of HNO3 (20 to 40 ml). The optimum condition was the use of 35 ml HNO3 that showed the highest carboxyl content (1.26 mmol/g). SEM images demonstrated that the porosity of raw waste tire rubber increased after the modification. BET surface area showed that the surface area of the modified waste tire rubber was 215 times larger than that of raw waste tire rubber. %CHNS/O analysis revealed that %O increased after the oxidation reaction. FT-IR revealed that the carboxyl group or carbonyl group was successfully introduced into the modified waste tire rubber. In case of mercury ion adsorption, the maximum capacities from Langmuir isotherm of raw waste tire rubber and the modified waste tire rubber were 7.07 and 4.33 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the maximum sulfide ion adsorption capacities of both adsorbents were 22.47 and 123.46 mg/g, respectively.
Article Details
Section
Engineering Research Articles
The articles published are the opinion of the author only. The author is responsible for any legal consequences. That may arise from that article.
References
[1] Z. Knezovic´, M. Trgo, and D. Sutlovic´, “Monitoring mercury environment pollution through bioaccumulation in meconium,” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, vol. 101, pp. 2–8, 2016.
[2] N. J. Langford and R.E. Ferner, “Toxicity of mercury,” Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 13, pp. 651–656, 1999.
[3] N. Srimuang. (2017, August). Minamata disease is the biggest disaster in Japan. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: https://www.scimath.org/articlechemistry/item/7387-2017-07-20-07-30-13
[4] A. Shafeeq, A. Muhammad, W. Sarfraz, A. Toqeer, S. Rashid, and M.K. Rafiq, “Mercury removal techniques for industrial waste water,” International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1164–1167, 2012.
[5] T. Palmer, P. Lagasse, and M. Ross. (2000, December). Hydrogen sulfide control in wastewater collection systems. Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA). Henderson, United States. [Online]. Available: https://www.wwdmag.com/decentralized-wastewater/hydrogen-sulfide-control-wastewater-collectionsystems
[6] Ramathibodi Poison Center. (2013, July). Hydrogen sulfide. Mahidol University. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: https://med.mahidol.ac.th/poisoncenter/th/pois-cov/gas/Hydrosul
[7] S. Edwards, R. Alharthi, and A.E. Ghaly, “Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide from Water,” American Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 295–305, 2011.
[8] Mining Waste Team, Chemical Precipitation. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council., Washington, DC, 2010, pp. 1–9.
[9] E. Hassinger, T.A. Doerge, and P.B. Baker. (1994, February). Water facts: number 6 reverse osmosis units. The University of Arizona. Arizona, United States. [Online]. Available: https://water-research.net/Waterlibrary/privatewell/reverseosmosis.pdf
[10] J. Brennan. (2017, April). Ozone water treatment disadvantages. Sciencing. California, United States. [Online]. Available: https://sciencing.com/ozone-water-treatment-disadvantages-22555.html
[11] G. Crini and E. Lichtfous, “Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 17, pp. 145–155, 2019.
[12] K. Formela, A. Hejna, Ł. Zedler, X. Colom, and J. Cañavate, “Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations,” eXPRESS Polymer Letters, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 565–588, 2019.
[13] C. Sathiskumar and S. Karthikeyanb, “Recycling of waste tires and its energy storage application of by-products-a review,” Sustainable Materials and Technologies, vol. 22, pp. 1–6, 2019.
[14] A. Siddika, A.A. Mamun, R. Alyousef, M. Amran, F. Aslani, and H. Alabduljabbar, “Properties and utilizations of waste tire rubber in concrete: A review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 224, pp. 711–731, 2019.
[15] Y. Li, S. Zhang, R. Wang, and F. Dang, “Potential use of waste tire rubber as aggregate in cement concrete-A comprehensive review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 225, pp. 1183–1201, 2019.
[16] K. A. Dubkov, S. V. Semikolenov, D. P. Ivanov, D. E. Babushkin, G. I. Panov, and V.N. Parmon, “Reclamation of waste tyre rubber with nitrous oxide,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 97, pp. 1123–1130, 2012.
[17] F. Cataldo, O. Ursini, and G. Angelini, “Surface oxidation of rubber crumb with ozone,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 95, pp. 803–810, 2010.
[18] L. He, Y. Ma, Q. Liu, and Y. Mu, “Surface modification of crumb rubber and its influence on the mechanical properties of rubbercement concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 403-407, 2016.
[19] K. Yu, H. Wang, H. Han, R. Li, X. Chen, J. Du, W. Quan, and S. Liu, “Hydrogen peroxide oxidizing modification of crumb tire rubber and its application in modified bitumen,” Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology, vol. 47, pp. 949–954, 2014.
[20] F. Bernard, M. Cazaunau, Y. Mu, X. Wang, V. Daële, J. Chen, and A. Mellouki, “Reaction of NO2 with selected conjugated alkenes,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 117, pp. 14132−14140, 2013.
[21] S. Rungrodnimitchai, S. Mayod, and S. Tanasarn, “The utilization of ground tire rubber as ion exchange materials,” Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 382, pp. 352–356, 2018.
[22] E. Manchon-Vizuete´, A. Mac´ıas-Garc´ıa, A.N. Gisbert, C. Fernandez-Gonz´ alez´, and V. Gomez-Serrano, “Adsorption of mercury by carbonaceous adsorbents prepared from rubber of tyre wastes,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 119, no. 1–3, pp. 231–238, 2005.
[23] M.J. Fishman and L.C. Friedman, “Methods for the determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments,” in Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, 3rd ed. California, Geological Survey (U.S.), 1989, ch. 1, sec. xii, pp. 545.
[24] I. Langmuir, “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. solids,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2221–2295, 1916.
[25] H. Freundlich, “Über die adsorption in lösungen,” Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 385–470, 1906.
[26] M.A. Hossain, H.H. Ngo, W.S. Guo, and T. Setiadi, “Adsorption and desorption of copper(II) ions onto garden grass,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 121, pp. 386–395, 2012.
[27] C. Troca-Torrado, M. Alexandre-Franco, C. Fernández-González, M. Alfaro-Domínguez, and V. Gómez-Serrano, “Development of adsorbents from used tire rubber their use in the adsorption of organic and inorganic solutes in aqueous solution,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 92, pp. 206–212, 2011.
[28] V. Eychenne and Z. Mouloungui, “Convenient thionation of triglycerides with lawessons reagent,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 229–234, 2001.
[29] O. Leelapodjanaporn. (2003, October). Fourier transform infraRed Spectrometer. Department of Science Service. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: http://siweb.dss.go.th/dss_doc/dss_doc/show_discription_doc.asp?ID=4
[30] H.C. Hsi, M.J. Rood, M. ASCE, M. Rostam-Abadi, S. Chen, and R. Chang, “Mercury adsorption properties of sulfur-impregnated Adsorbents,” Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 128, no. 11, pp. 1080–1089, 2002.
[31] P. Danwanichakul, D. Dechojarasrri, S. Meesumrit, and S. Swangwareesakul, “Influence of sulfurcrosslinking in vulcanized rubber chips on mercury(II) removal from contaminated water,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 154, pp. 1–8, 2008.
[32] B.M. Trost and I. Fleming, Comprehensive organic synthesis, 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2005, pp. 1015–1044.
[33] M. Harmata, “Nucleophilic substitution reactions at the carboxyl carbon,” Organic Mechanisms, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2010, ch. 6, pp. 259-320.
[2] N. J. Langford and R.E. Ferner, “Toxicity of mercury,” Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 13, pp. 651–656, 1999.
[3] N. Srimuang. (2017, August). Minamata disease is the biggest disaster in Japan. The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: https://www.scimath.org/articlechemistry/item/7387-2017-07-20-07-30-13
[4] A. Shafeeq, A. Muhammad, W. Sarfraz, A. Toqeer, S. Rashid, and M.K. Rafiq, “Mercury removal techniques for industrial waste water,” International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1164–1167, 2012.
[5] T. Palmer, P. Lagasse, and M. Ross. (2000, December). Hydrogen sulfide control in wastewater collection systems. Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA). Henderson, United States. [Online]. Available: https://www.wwdmag.com/decentralized-wastewater/hydrogen-sulfide-control-wastewater-collectionsystems
[6] Ramathibodi Poison Center. (2013, July). Hydrogen sulfide. Mahidol University. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: https://med.mahidol.ac.th/poisoncenter/th/pois-cov/gas/Hydrosul
[7] S. Edwards, R. Alharthi, and A.E. Ghaly, “Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide from Water,” American Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 295–305, 2011.
[8] Mining Waste Team, Chemical Precipitation. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council., Washington, DC, 2010, pp. 1–9.
[9] E. Hassinger, T.A. Doerge, and P.B. Baker. (1994, February). Water facts: number 6 reverse osmosis units. The University of Arizona. Arizona, United States. [Online]. Available: https://water-research.net/Waterlibrary/privatewell/reverseosmosis.pdf
[10] J. Brennan. (2017, April). Ozone water treatment disadvantages. Sciencing. California, United States. [Online]. Available: https://sciencing.com/ozone-water-treatment-disadvantages-22555.html
[11] G. Crini and E. Lichtfous, “Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 17, pp. 145–155, 2019.
[12] K. Formela, A. Hejna, Ł. Zedler, X. Colom, and J. Cañavate, “Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations,” eXPRESS Polymer Letters, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 565–588, 2019.
[13] C. Sathiskumar and S. Karthikeyanb, “Recycling of waste tires and its energy storage application of by-products-a review,” Sustainable Materials and Technologies, vol. 22, pp. 1–6, 2019.
[14] A. Siddika, A.A. Mamun, R. Alyousef, M. Amran, F. Aslani, and H. Alabduljabbar, “Properties and utilizations of waste tire rubber in concrete: A review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 224, pp. 711–731, 2019.
[15] Y. Li, S. Zhang, R. Wang, and F. Dang, “Potential use of waste tire rubber as aggregate in cement concrete-A comprehensive review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 225, pp. 1183–1201, 2019.
[16] K. A. Dubkov, S. V. Semikolenov, D. P. Ivanov, D. E. Babushkin, G. I. Panov, and V.N. Parmon, “Reclamation of waste tyre rubber with nitrous oxide,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 97, pp. 1123–1130, 2012.
[17] F. Cataldo, O. Ursini, and G. Angelini, “Surface oxidation of rubber crumb with ozone,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 95, pp. 803–810, 2010.
[18] L. He, Y. Ma, Q. Liu, and Y. Mu, “Surface modification of crumb rubber and its influence on the mechanical properties of rubbercement concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 403-407, 2016.
[19] K. Yu, H. Wang, H. Han, R. Li, X. Chen, J. Du, W. Quan, and S. Liu, “Hydrogen peroxide oxidizing modification of crumb tire rubber and its application in modified bitumen,” Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology, vol. 47, pp. 949–954, 2014.
[20] F. Bernard, M. Cazaunau, Y. Mu, X. Wang, V. Daële, J. Chen, and A. Mellouki, “Reaction of NO2 with selected conjugated alkenes,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 117, pp. 14132−14140, 2013.
[21] S. Rungrodnimitchai, S. Mayod, and S. Tanasarn, “The utilization of ground tire rubber as ion exchange materials,” Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 382, pp. 352–356, 2018.
[22] E. Manchon-Vizuete´, A. Mac´ıas-Garc´ıa, A.N. Gisbert, C. Fernandez-Gonz´ alez´, and V. Gomez-Serrano, “Adsorption of mercury by carbonaceous adsorbents prepared from rubber of tyre wastes,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 119, no. 1–3, pp. 231–238, 2005.
[23] M.J. Fishman and L.C. Friedman, “Methods for the determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments,” in Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, 3rd ed. California, Geological Survey (U.S.), 1989, ch. 1, sec. xii, pp. 545.
[24] I. Langmuir, “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. solids,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2221–2295, 1916.
[25] H. Freundlich, “Über die adsorption in lösungen,” Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 385–470, 1906.
[26] M.A. Hossain, H.H. Ngo, W.S. Guo, and T. Setiadi, “Adsorption and desorption of copper(II) ions onto garden grass,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 121, pp. 386–395, 2012.
[27] C. Troca-Torrado, M. Alexandre-Franco, C. Fernández-González, M. Alfaro-Domínguez, and V. Gómez-Serrano, “Development of adsorbents from used tire rubber their use in the adsorption of organic and inorganic solutes in aqueous solution,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 92, pp. 206–212, 2011.
[28] V. Eychenne and Z. Mouloungui, “Convenient thionation of triglycerides with lawessons reagent,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 229–234, 2001.
[29] O. Leelapodjanaporn. (2003, October). Fourier transform infraRed Spectrometer. Department of Science Service. Bangkok, Thailand. [Online]. Available: http://siweb.dss.go.th/dss_doc/dss_doc/show_discription_doc.asp?ID=4
[30] H.C. Hsi, M.J. Rood, M. ASCE, M. Rostam-Abadi, S. Chen, and R. Chang, “Mercury adsorption properties of sulfur-impregnated Adsorbents,” Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 128, no. 11, pp. 1080–1089, 2002.
[31] P. Danwanichakul, D. Dechojarasrri, S. Meesumrit, and S. Swangwareesakul, “Influence of sulfurcrosslinking in vulcanized rubber chips on mercury(II) removal from contaminated water,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 154, pp. 1–8, 2008.
[32] B.M. Trost and I. Fleming, Comprehensive organic synthesis, 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2005, pp. 1015–1044.
[33] M. Harmata, “Nucleophilic substitution reactions at the carboxyl carbon,” Organic Mechanisms, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2010, ch. 6, pp. 259-320.