การผันแปรเชิงพื้นที่และฤดูกาลของความเข้มข้นของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์ในบรรยากาศเมืองพัทยา จังหวัดชลบุรี
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ส.ค. 23, 2019
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ก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์ การเก็บตัวอย่างแบบแพสซีฟ มลพิษทางอากาศ
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บทคัดย่อ
การได้รับก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์มีผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพของมนุษย์ ซึ่งแหล่งกำเนิดหลักของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์มาจากการจราจรที่หนาแน่น งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อติดตามความเข้มข้นของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์ในบรรยากาศช่วงฤดูหนาวและฤดูร้อนของพื้นที่เขตพาณิชยกรรม เขตที่อยู่อาศัยหนาแน่นมาก เขตที่อยู่อาศัยหนาแน่นน้อย และพื้นที่ตัวแทนค่าพื้นฐานในเมืองพัทยา จังหวัดชลบุรี โดยใช้วิธีการเก็บตัวอย่างด้วยหลอดเก็บตัวอย่างแบบแพสซีฟ ซึ่งทำการเก็บตัวอย่างในช่วงเดือนพฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2560 ถึง เดือนเมษายน พ.ศ. 2561 ทุกๆ 1 สัปดาห์ พบว่า ความเข้มข้นของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์ในแต่ละพื้นที่อยู่ในช่วง 9.80–41.71, 8.36–29.01, 8.06–21.86 และ 5.14–27.19 ppbv ตามลำดับ โดยพื้นที่เขตพาณิชยกรรมมีค่าสูงที่สุดและแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p<0.05) ซึ่งมีธุรกิจโรงแรม สถานบันเทิง และร้านอาหาร ฯลฯ ทำให้มีการจราจรหนาแน่น นอกจากนี้ ความเข้มข้นของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์ช่วงฤดูหนาวและฤดูร้อนไม่มีความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p>0.05) ความเข้มข้นของก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์มีความสัมพันธ์ตรงกันข้ามกับความเร็วลม (r = –0.498 ถึง –0.625) ขณะที่ความชื้นสัมพัทธ์มีความสัมพันธ์โดยตรงสูง (r = 0.422 ถึง 0.600) อย่างไรก็ตาม การผันแปรเชิงพื้นที่และฤดูกาลของความเข้มข้นก๊าซไนโตรเจนไดออกไซด์อาจได้รับผลจากกิจกรรมของมนุษย์ เช่น การจราจรที่หนาแน่นมากกว่าปัจจัยทางอุตุนิยมวิทยา
Article Details
บท
บทความวิจัย ด้านวิทยาศาสตร์ประยุกต์
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์เป็นข้อคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนเท่านั้น
ผู้เขียนจะต้องเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบต่อผลทางกฎหมายใดๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากบทความนั้น
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[4] Pollution Control Department; PCD. (14 August, 2009). Air quality standards. Pollution Control Department. Bangkok, Thailand [Online]. Available: http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/reg_std_airsnd01.html.
[5] World Health Organization (WHO), “WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide,” Denmark, 2005, pp. 16–17.
[6] US-EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). (2018, December 15). NAAQS Table. Criteria Air Pollutants. North Carolina, The United States [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table#2.
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[8] P. Martin, B. Cabanas, F. Villanueva, P. M. Gallego, I. Colmenar, and S. Salgado, “Ozone and nitrogen dioxide levels monitored in an urban area (Ciudad Real) in central-southern Spain,” Water Air & Soil Pollution, vol. 208, no. 1–4, pp. 305–316, 2009.
[9] P. D. Hien, M. Hangartner, P. M. Tan, and S. Fabian, “Concentrations of NO2, SO2, and benzene across Hanoi measured by passive diffusion samplers,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 88, pp. 66–73, 2014.
[10] G. Artun, N. Polat, Z. Yay, O. Uzmez, A. Ari, T. Tuygun, T. Elbir, H. Altug, Y. Dumanoglu, T. Dogeroglu, A. Dawood, M. Odabasi, and E. Gaga, “An integrative approach for determination of air pollution and its health effects in a coal fired power plant area by passive sampling,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 150, pp. 331–345, 2017.
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[18] S. S. Ahmad and N. Aziz, “Spatial and temporal analysis of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration across the twin cities of Pakistan,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 185, no. 4, pp. 3133–3147, 2013.
[19] S. Sillapapiromsuk and R. Janta, “Monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide concentrations in Lampang city by passive sampling,” Khon Kaen University Science Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 560–571, 2018 (in Thai).
[20] D. Alejo, M. C. Morales, J. B. Torre, R. Grau, L. Benes, R. V. Grieken, P. V. Espen, D. Sosa, and V. Nunez, “Seasonal trend of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide over Nortg Santa Clara, Cuba,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 185, no. 7, pp. 60233–6033, 2013.
[21] S. Caballero, R. Esclapez, N. Galindo, E. Mantilla, and J. Crespo, “Use of a passive sampling network for the determination of urban NO2 spatiotemporal variations,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 63, pp. 148–155, 2012.
[22] Z. Bozkurt, ö.ö. Üzmez, T. Dögeroglu, G. Artun, and E. O. Gaga, “Atmospheric concentration of SO2, NO2, ozone and VOCs in Duzce, Turkey using passive air sampler: Source, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation,” Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1146–1156, 2018.
[23] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Probability and Statistics, Bangkok: Pithak printing, 2012, pp. 254–259 (in Thai).
[24] Y. Xie, B., Zhao, L. Zhang, and R. Luo, “Spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between 31 Chinese cities and their relationships with SO2, NO2, CO, and O3,” Particuology, vol. 20, pp. 141–149, 2015.
[25] H. K. Elminir, “Dependence of urban air pollutants on meteorology,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 350, no. 1–3, pp. 225–237, 2005.
[26] R. Jayamurugan, B. Kumaraval, S. Palanivelraja, and M. P. Chockalingan, “Influence of temperature, relative humidity and seasonal variability on ambient air quality in a coastal urban area,” International Journal of Atmospheric Science, vol. 2013, pp. 1–7, 2013.