GIS Analysis of Route along the Thailand-Myanmar Border using Topographic Data: Implication for Illegal Immigration

Abstract

This study delves into the intricate issue of illegal border crossings from Myanmar into Thailand, with a particular focus on the Thailand-Myanmar border region, renowned for its geographical diversity and porous boundaries. Employing Geographic Information Technology Systems (GIS) and Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis, the research aims to identify potential routes employed by individuals engaging in illegal border crossings. The study reveals that Tak Province in Thailand, specifically the Mae Sot District, stands out as a primary entry point for illegal immigrants. This phenomenon can be attributed to the region's distinctive geographic features and limited patrol capabilities. It also identifies other high-density routes in Chiang Rai, Kanchanaburi, and Ranong Provinces. Additionally, through a comprehensive examination of the Kanchanaburi-Myanmar border area, the research highlights the Ban Phra Chedi Sam Ong area as a designated high-risk zone for illegal immigration. Lastly, the research results illuminate areas that present less favorable conditions for foot travel when it comes to illegal border entry, particularly Ratchaburi and Phetchaburi provinces. These regions are characterized by mountainous terrain and a lack of border communities, rendering them less accessible and unsuitable for travel and illegal activities. In conclusion, this research significantly contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics surrounding illegal border crossings between Myanmar and Thailand.