Thunbergia laurifolia and Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. Extract decrease interleukin-1 levels secretion in LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages
Keywords:
Thunbergia laurifolia, Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn, Interleukin-1, Macrophage, Chronic inflammationAbstract
Inflammation is the complex immune response evoked by infections or tissue injury. When inappropriate or uncontrollable inflammation occurs, it acts as a strong disease-promoting factor in a number of pathological degenerative disorders. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been currently used to treat inflammatory based disorders but may cause complications and undesired adverse effects mainly on gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system. As the result, increasing studies focusing on plant-derived natural products and their derivatives, many new plant-derived extracts and active compounds have been identified to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Thunbergia laurifolia extracts (TLE) and Phyllanthus amarus extracts (PAE) on pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 secretion in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Cells were treated with TLE 200-800 μg/ml, PAE 200-800 μg/ml, 2 well known anti-inflammatory agents : Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (50 nM) and IL-10 (10 ng/ml) with LPS (1,000 ng/ml) used as inflammatory mediator for 24 hrs. Exposure cells with 1,000 ng/ml LPS was significantly induced IL-1 secretion (p=0.000). Co-treatment LPS with herbal extracts revealed that TLE 400-800 μg/ml and PAE 200-800 g/ml significantly reduced IL-1 secretion in LPS-treated cells (p=0.000) in dose dependent fashion. However, we didn’t find significant inhibitory effect of EGCG (50 nM) and IL-10 (10 ng/ml) on LPS induced IL-1 secretion. As such, TLE and PAE could be the potential therapeutic natural products for the treatment of inflammasome-dependent diseases and may serve as lead herb for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
References
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27. Moore Kathryn J, Tabas I. (2011). Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of
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28. Naaz F, Javed S, Abdin MZ. (2007). Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 113(3): pp.503-9.
29. Pramyothin P, Ngamtin C, Poungshompoo S, Chaichantipyuth C. (2007). Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn. extract in ethanol treated rats: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 114(2): pp.169-73.
30. Parry GCN, Martin T, Felts KA, Cobb RR. (1998). IL-1b Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Is Blocked by Proteasome Inhibitors. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology; 18(6): pp.934-40.
31. Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Carraro R, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. (2017). IL-1β Inhibition in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in pharmacology; 8:363-.
32. Patil RH, Babu RL, Naveen Kumar M, Kiran Kumar KM, Hegde SM, Nagesh R, et al. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Apigenin on LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and AP-1 Factors in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Inflammation; 39(1): pp.138-47.
33. Patel JR, Tripathi P, Sharma V, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK. (2011). Phyllanthus amarus: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 138(2): pp.286-313.
34. Shaftel SS, Griffin WST, O'Banion MK. (2008). The role of interleukin-1 in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer disease: an evolving perspective. Journal of neuroinflammation; pp.5:7-.
35. Sigurdardottir SL, Freysdottir J, Vikingsdottir T, Valdimarsson H, Vikingsson A. (2008). Do non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs influence chronic inflammation? The effects of piroxicam on chronic antigen‐induced arthritis in rats. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology; 37(6): pp.469-76.
36. Sahni A, Sahni Sanjeev K, Francis Charles W. (2005). Endothelial Cell Activation by IL-1β in the Presence of Fibrinogen Requires αVβ3. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology; 25(10): pp.2222-7.
37. Wonkchalee O, Boonmars T, Aromdee C, Laummaunwai P, Khunkitti W, Vaeteewoottacharn K, et al. (2012). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. on experimental opisthorchiasis. Parasitology Research; 111(1): pp.353-9.
38. Williams MR, Kataoka N, Sakurai Y, Powers CM, Eskin SG, McIntire LV. (2008). Gene Expression of Endothelial Cells due to Interleukin-1 Beta Stimulation and Neutrophil Transmigration. Endothelium; 15(1-2): pp.73-84.
39. Willerson James T, Ridker Paul M. (2004). Inflammation as a Cardiovascular
Risk Factor. Circulation; 109 (21_suppl_1):II-2-II-10.
40. Wang B, Miao Y, Zhao Z, Zhong Y. (2015). Inflammatory Macrophages Promotes Development of Diabetic Encephalopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry; 36(3): pp.1142-50.
41. Zhang X, Wang G, Gurley EC, Zhou H. (2014). Flavonoid apigenin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through multiple mechanisms in macrophages.
PloS one; 9(9):e107072-e.
2. Ashok A, Keener R, Rubenstein M, Stookey S, Bajpai S, Hicks J, et al. (2019). Consequences of interleukin 1β-triggered chronic inflammation in the mouse prostate gland: Altered architecture associated with prolonged CD4+ infiltration mimics human proliferative inflammatory atrophy. The Prostate; 79(7): pp.732-45.
3. Arranz L, Arriero MdM, Villatoro A. (2017). Interleukin-1β as emerging therapeutic target in hematological malignancies and potentially in their complications. Blood Reviews; 31(5): pp.306-17.
4. Chan EWC, Eng SY, Tan YP, Wong ZC. (2011). Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Thunbergia laurifolia: A Review. Pharmacognosy Journal; 3(24): pp.1-6.
5. Casanova E, Salvadó J, Crescenti A, Gibert-Ramos A. (2019). Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences; 20(3).
6. Chen J, Xu J, Li J, Du L, Chen T, Liu P, et al. (2015). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in rats via suppressing MAPK mediated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. International Immunopharmacology; 26(1): pp.147-52.
7. Dinarello CA. (2011). Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood; 117(14): pp.3720-32.
8. Fechtner S, Singh A, Chourasia M, Ahmed S. (2017). Molecular insights into the differences in anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins on IL-1β signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology; 329: pp.112-20.
9. Goldberg Ronald B, Aroda Vanita R, Bluemke David A, Barrett-Connor E, Budoff M, Crandall Jill P, et al. (2017). Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. Circulation; 136(1): pp.52-64.
10. Gaidt Moritz M, Ebert Thomas S, Chauhan D, Schmidt T, Schmid-Burgk Jonathan L, Rapino F, et al. (2016). Human Monocytes Engage an Alternative Inflammasome Pathway. Immunity; 44(4): pp.833-46.
11. Guo B, Fu S, Zhang J, Liu B, Li Z. (2016). Targeting inflammasome/IL-1 pathways for cancer immunotherapy. Scientific reports; 6:36107-.
12. Hammad DR, Elgazzar AG, Essawy TS, Abd El Sameie SA. (2015). Evaluation of serum interleukin-1 beta as an inflammatory marker in COPD patients. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; 64(2): pp.347-52.
13. Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Haque MA, Kumolosasi E. (2018). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hypophyllanthin and Niranthin Through Downregulation of NF-κB/MAPKs/PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathways. Inflammation; 41(3): pp.984-95.
14. Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Haque MA, Kumolosasi E. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. through inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in LPS-induced human macrophages. BMC complementary and alternative medicine; 18(1):p.224.
15. Ip WKE, Hoshi N, Shouval DS, Snapper S, Medzhitov R. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mediated by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Science. (New York, NY); 356(6337):pp.513-9.
16. Liu X, Wang J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of iridoid glycosides fraction of Folium syringae leaves on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 133(2): pp.780-7.
17. Liang J, Zhao H, Yao L, Tang H, Dong H, Wu Y, et al. (2015). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases pathway mediates lung caspase-1 activation and high mobility group box 1 production in a toluene-diisocyanate induced murine asthma model. Toxicology Letters; 236(1):pp.25-33.
18. Li M, Shang X, Zhang R, Jia Z, Fan P, Ying Q, et al. (2010). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of iridoid glycosides extract of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. Fitoterapia; 81(3): pp.167-72.
19. Lee HN, Shin SA, Choo GS, Kim HJ, Park YS, Kim BS, et al. (2018). Anti‑inflammatory effect of quercetin and galangin in LPS‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and DNCB‑induced atopic dermatitis animal models. Int J Mol Med; 41(2): pp.888-98.
20. Lee YK, Yuk DY, Lee JW, Lee SY, Ha TY, Oh KW, et al. (2009). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of beta-amyloid generation and memory deficiency. Brain Research; 1250: pp.164-74.
21. Rocejanasaroj A, Tencomnao T, Sangkitikomol W. (2014). Thunbergia laurifolia extract minimizes the adverse effects of toxicants by regulating P-glycoprotein activity, CYP450, and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells. Genetics and Molecular Research; 13(1): pp.205-19.
22. Kay J, Calabrese L. (2004). The role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology; 43(suppl_3): pp.iii2-iii9.
23. Lewis AM, Varghese S, Xu H, Alexander HR. (2006). Interleukin-1 and cancer progression: the emerging role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Journal of translational medicine; 4: p.48
23. Lévesque SA, Paré A, Mailhot B, Bellver-Landete V, Kébir H, Lécuyer M-A, et al. (2016). Myeloid cell transmigration across the CNS vasculature triggers IL-1β–driven neuroinflammation during autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. The Journal of Experimental Medicine; 213(6): p.929.
24. Lopez-Castejon G, Brough D. (2011). Understanding the mechanism of IL-1β secretion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev; 22(4): pp.189-95.
25. Monteiro R, Azevedo I. (2010). Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators of inflammation; 2010:289645.
26. Multhoff G, Molls M, Radons J. (2012). Chronic inflammation in cancer development. Frontiers in immunology; pp.2:98-.
27. Moore Kathryn J, Tabas I. (2011). Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of
Atherosclerosis. Cell; 145(3): pp.341-55.
28. Naaz F, Javed S, Abdin MZ. (2007). Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 113(3): pp.503-9.
29. Pramyothin P, Ngamtin C, Poungshompoo S, Chaichantipyuth C. (2007). Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn. extract in ethanol treated rats: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 114(2): pp.169-73.
30. Parry GCN, Martin T, Felts KA, Cobb RR. (1998). IL-1b Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Is Blocked by Proteasome Inhibitors. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology; 18(6): pp.934-40.
31. Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Carraro R, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. (2017). IL-1β Inhibition in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in pharmacology; 8:363-.
32. Patil RH, Babu RL, Naveen Kumar M, Kiran Kumar KM, Hegde SM, Nagesh R, et al. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Apigenin on LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and AP-1 Factors in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Inflammation; 39(1): pp.138-47.
33. Patel JR, Tripathi P, Sharma V, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK. (2011). Phyllanthus amarus: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 138(2): pp.286-313.
34. Shaftel SS, Griffin WST, O'Banion MK. (2008). The role of interleukin-1 in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer disease: an evolving perspective. Journal of neuroinflammation; pp.5:7-.
35. Sigurdardottir SL, Freysdottir J, Vikingsdottir T, Valdimarsson H, Vikingsson A. (2008). Do non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs influence chronic inflammation? The effects of piroxicam on chronic antigen‐induced arthritis in rats. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology; 37(6): pp.469-76.
36. Sahni A, Sahni Sanjeev K, Francis Charles W. (2005). Endothelial Cell Activation by IL-1β in the Presence of Fibrinogen Requires αVβ3. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology; 25(10): pp.2222-7.
37. Wonkchalee O, Boonmars T, Aromdee C, Laummaunwai P, Khunkitti W, Vaeteewoottacharn K, et al. (2012). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. on experimental opisthorchiasis. Parasitology Research; 111(1): pp.353-9.
38. Williams MR, Kataoka N, Sakurai Y, Powers CM, Eskin SG, McIntire LV. (2008). Gene Expression of Endothelial Cells due to Interleukin-1 Beta Stimulation and Neutrophil Transmigration. Endothelium; 15(1-2): pp.73-84.
39. Willerson James T, Ridker Paul M. (2004). Inflammation as a Cardiovascular
Risk Factor. Circulation; 109 (21_suppl_1):II-2-II-10.
40. Wang B, Miao Y, Zhao Z, Zhong Y. (2015). Inflammatory Macrophages Promotes Development of Diabetic Encephalopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry; 36(3): pp.1142-50.
41. Zhang X, Wang G, Gurley EC, Zhou H. (2014). Flavonoid apigenin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through multiple mechanisms in macrophages.
PloS one; 9(9):e107072-e.
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2020-06-29
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