Hollow poly-l-lactic acid microbead prepared by phase inversion emulsification technique with a simple solvent evaporation
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Published:
Dec 21, 2018
Keywords:
microbead poly-l-lactic acid phase inversion emulsification
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Abstract
In recent year, the use of plastic microbeads in the production of some cosmetic and personal care products is widely prohibited because the microbeads derived from petrochemical monomer is difficult to degrade in a short time. In addition, they transport toxic chemicals into the environment. Therefore, this research aims to study the preparation of hollow polymer microbeads using biodegradable and environmental friendly polymer as poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA). PLLA microbeads were prepared by a simple solvent evaporation technique with phase inversion emulsification (PIE) for the polymer solution droplet generation. Influences of surfactant molecular weight and PLLA content on the particle size and hollow particle formation were studied. It was found that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with molecular weight ~100,000 g/mol and 87-90% hydrolysis represented high performance in order to maintain the colloidal stability of microbeads with a size range of ~100-200 mm. The amount of PLLA affects the hollow formation inside the microbead particles. The increase PLLA amount increased the internal viscosity of the microbeads. During the PIE process, the oil droplet containing polar surfactant as PVA absorbed some water. Thereafter, the absorbed water was then coalesced during solvent evaporation and finally formed pore or multipore in the inside of the microbeads. Using 40:1 (wt) of PLLA:PVA ratio, multihollow microbeads were obtained where the hollow microbeads were observed with the other ratios of PLLA:PVA (20:1 and 10:1; wt).
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1.
Chaiyasat A, Cheanjai R, Kaewdee P, Threeprom J, Chaiyasat P. Hollow poly-l-lactic acid microbead prepared by phase inversion emulsification technique with a simple solvent evaporation. J Appl Res Sci Tech [Internet]. 2018 Dec. 21 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];17(2):41-53. Available from: https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/rmutt-journal/article/view/157103
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Research Articles
References
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[2] D. K. A. Barnes, F. Galgani, R. C. Thompson, and M. Barlaz. (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 364, 1985-1998.
[3] A. L. Andrady. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62 (8), 1596-1605.
[4] R. C. Thompson, S. H. Swan, C. J. Moore, and F. S. v. Saal. (2009). Our plastic age. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 364, 1973-1976.
[5] J. A. Ivar do Sul and M. F. Costa. (2014). The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environmental Pollution, 185, 352-364.
[6] J. G. B. Derraik. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44 (9), 842-852.
[7] L. S. Fendall and M. A. Sewell. (2009). Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: Microplastics in facial cleansers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58 (8), 1225-1228.
[8] Y. K. Song et al.. (2015). A comparison of microscopic and spectroscopic identification methods for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 93 (1-2), 202-209.
[9] H. K. Imhof, N. P. Ivleva, J. Schmid, R. Niessner, and C. Laforsch. (2013). Contamination of beach sediments of a subalpine lake with microplastic particles. Current Biology, 23, (19), R867-R868.
[10] D. Mazurais et al.. (2015). Evaluation of the impact of polyethylene microbeads ingestion in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Marine Environmental Research, 112, Part A, 78-85.
[11] P. L. Corcoran, T. Norris, T. Ceccanese, M. J. Walzak, P. A. Helm, and C. H. Marvin. (2015). Hidden plastics of Lake Ontario, Canada and their potential preservation in the sediment record. Environmental Pollution, 204, 17-25.
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[13] L. Fok and P. K. Cheung. (2015). Hong Kong at the Pearl River Estuary: A hotspot of microplastic pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 99 (1-2), 112-118.
[14] A. L. Lusher, G. Hernandez-Milian, J. O'Brien, S. Berrow, I. O'Connor, and R. Officer. (2015). Microplastic and macroplastic ingestion by a deep diving, oceanic cetacean: The True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus. Environmental Pollution, 199, 185-191.
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[16] L. Van Cauwenberghe, A. Vanreusel, J. Mees, and C. R. Janssen. (2013). Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environmental Pollution, 182, 495-499.
[17] M. Eriksen et al.. (2013). Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Mar Pollut Bull, 77 (1–2), 177-182.
[18] S. A. Carr, J. Liu, and A. G. Tesoro. (2016). Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 91, 174-182.
[19] Q. Tian, D. Yu, K. Zhu, G. Hu, L. Zhang, and Y. Liu. (2016). Multi-hollow polymer microspheres with enclosed surfaces and compartmentalized voids prepared by seeded swelling polymerization method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 473, 44-51.
[20] S. Nuasaen and P. Tangboriboonrat. (2015). Optical properties of hollow latex particles as white pigment in paint film. Progress in Organic Coatings, 79, 83-89.
[21] J. J. Molino Cornejo, H. Daiguji, and F. Takemura. (2011). Factors Affecting the Size and Uniformity of Hollow Poly(lactic acid) Microcapsules Fabricated from Microbubble Templates. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 115 (47), 13828-13834.
[22] Y. Li, Z. Wang, X. Kong, and G. Xue. (2010). Controlling the structure of hollow polystyrene particles based on diffusion kinetics in miniemulsion polymerization system. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 363 (1–3), 141-145.
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[24] T. Makuta, S. Takada, H. Daiguji, and F. Takemura. (2009). Simple fabrication of hollow poly-lactic acid microspheres using uniform microbubbles as templates. Materials Letters, 63 (8), 703-705.
[25] H. Daiguji, S. Takada, J. J. M. Cornejo, and F. Takemura. (2009). Fabrication of Hollow Poly(lactic acid) Microcapsules from Microbubble Templates. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 113 (45), 15002-15009.
[26] C. J. McDonald and M. J. Devon. (2002). Hollow latex particles: synthesis and applications. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 99 (3), 181-213.
[27] X. Liu and A. Basu. (2009). Core functionalization of hollow polymer nanocapsules. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 5718-5719.
[28] X. Shi, A. Briseno, R. Sanedrin, and M. Zhou. (2003). Formation of uniform polyaniline thin shells and hollow capsules using polyelectrolyte-coated microspheres as template. Macromolecules, 36, 4093-4098.
[29] M. Kim et al.. (2003). Synthesis and characterization of spherical carbon and polymer capsules with hollow macroporous core and mesoporous shell structures. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 63, 1-9.
[30] X. Yang, L. Chen, B. Huang, F. Bai, and X. Yang. (2009). Synthesis of pH-sensitive hollow polymer microspheres and their application as drug carriers. Polymer, 50, 3556-3563.
[31] M. Okubo and H. Minami. (1997). Formation mechanism of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles having a hollow structure. Colloid and Polymer Science, 275, 992-997.
[32] S. Nuasaen, P. Opaprakasit, and P. Tangboriboonrat. (2014). Hollow latex particles functionalized with chitosan for the removal of formaldehyde from indoor air. Carbohydrate Polymers, 101, 179-187.
[33] S. Nuasaen and P. Tangboriboonrat. (2013). Highly charged hollow latex particles prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 396, 75-82.
[34] H. Kobayashi, T. Suzuki, M. Moritaka, E. Miyanaga, and M. Okubo. (2009). Preparation of multihollow polystyrene particles by seeded emulsion polymerization using seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier: effect of temperature. Colloid and Polymer Science, 287, 251-257.
[35] H. Kobayashi, E. Miyanaga, and M. Okubo. (2007). Preparation of multihollow polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization using seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier. Langmuir, 23, 8703-8708.
[36] W. Zhou, J. Li, W. Wei, Z. Su, and G. Ma. (2011). Effect of solubilization of surfactant aggregates on pore structure in gigaporous polymeric particles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 384 (1–3), 549-554.
[37] W.-Q. Zhou, T.-Y. Gu, Z.-G. Su, and G.-H. Ma. (2007). Synthesis of macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres by surfactant reverse micelles swelling method. European Polymer Journal, 43 (10), 4493-4502.
[38] W.-Q. Zhou, T.-Y. Gu, Z.-G. Su, and G.-H. Ma. (2007). Synthesis of macroporous poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) microspheres by surfactant reverse micelles swelling method. Polymer, 48 (7), 1981-1988.
[39] X.-M. Na, F. Gao, L.-Y. Zhang, Z.-G. Su, and G.-H. Ma. (2012). Biodegradable Microcapsules Prepared by Self-Healing of Porous Microspheres. ACS Macro Letters, 1 (6), 697-700.
[40] F. Gao, Z.-G. Su, P. Wang, and G.-H. Ma. (2009). Double Emulsion Templated Microcapsules with Single Hollow Cavities and Thickness-Controllable Shells. Langmuir, 25 (6), 3832-3838.