Study of Physicochemical Properties of Purified Lignins Obtained by Fractionation with Aqueous Ethanol Solution
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Abstract
This work studied the properties of lignin from ethanol/water fraction at different concentrations. Research Part 1 encompassed the precipitation of lignin in black liquor which is waste from a sugar factory using CO2 gas and washing of the precipitate with sulfuric acid. The quantity and property of both precipitates were analyzed. Part 2 encompassed the soluble extraction of different lignin grades from the clean precipitate by a fractionation method using ethanol mixed with water at different ratios. Structural and chemical analysis by FTIR, thermal property by TGA/DTG, elemental C, H, N and S analysis, hydroxyl and carboxylic group contents by titration, molecular weight (Mw) of the fractionated lignin by GPC, acid soluble lignin content by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Na content by AAS. Analysis for metal contamination by AAS detected no residual Na. FTIR analysis of all lignin grades revealed phenolic and hydroxyl functional groups, aromatic structure as well as syringyl and guaiacyl substructures.GPC results revealed that the starting clean precipitate had a mean molecular weight (Mw) of lignin at 3770 Da, while the mean Mw of the first lignin extract fractionated with pure ethanol was 2390 Da. However, when mixed with 20% water as cosolvent, the second fractionation could extract additional lignin with an increased mean Mw up to 3623 Da. However, when the cosolvent ratio became 40% water, the cosolvent effect increased only slightly. Concurrently, the broadness of the lignin Mw distribution widened as the proportion of water in ethanol increased
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