Biodiesel Production by Extruded CaO-based Catalysts from Mussel Shells using Reflux Technique
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Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop a catalyst for biodiesel production using CaO synthesized from waste mussel shells. The catalyst was prepared by the extrusion method using borosilicate glass as catalyst support and sodium silicate as a binder. The characteristics of the catalyst were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and XRF techniques. The results showed the presence of CaO as a component in the catalyst. We discovered that the maximum diffraction position occurred at an angle of 34.50º, indicating the presence of CaO as a key component in our catalyst. To determine the optimal conditions for biodiesel production, we conducted a series of experiments varying the amount of catalyst used (10%, 15%, or 20%wt), the ratio of CaO:Support (30:70, 50:50, and 70:30), and the methanol to oil molar ratio (ranging from 6:1 to 18:1). The study also investigated the effects of important parameters on biodiesel yield, including catalyst loading, CaO:Support ratio, and methanol to oil molar ratio. The experiments were carried out via transesterification using the reflux technique at 65°C for 3 hours. The maximum biodiesel yield was found to be 81.20% at 15%wt catalyst loading, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, and a CaO:Support ratio of 70:30. In the of physical properties, the biodiesel product contained 82.46% FAME and met the standard requirements of the Department of Energy Business. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using waste mussel shells to synthesize CaO for catalyst preparation, as well as the extrusion method to produce effective catalysts for biodiesel production. The results also highlight the importance of optimizing the parameters for maximum biodiesel yield.
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