Improvement of Efficiency of Calcium Oxide as a Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Material Waste for Biodiesel Production
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Abstract
Biodiesel production via chemical catalytic conversion may lead to the high cost and a negative environmental impact. In this research, eco-friendly catalysts from chicken eggshell quail eggshell and oyster shell waste were used as heterogeneous catalyst to reduce cost of production. Firstly, an active CaO catalyst synthesis for converting CaCO3 into CaO was prepared by crushing and calcining for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Next, the applications of biochar supported CaO catalysts was used to enhance the catalytic efficiency for biodiesel reaction. Ch-CaOmixed and Ch-CaOimpregnate catalyst were prepared by mixed-grinding method and impregnation method, respectively. Under the optimal reaction condition, CaO from quail eggshell catalyst was the most effective catalyst for biodiesel production. The experimental results showed that using the quail eggshell catalyst loading at 3 wt%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12 : 1, a reaction time of 2 h and temperature of 65 ºC gave the maximum biodiesel yield of 87.14%. Biochar supported CaO could improve the catalyst efficiency for biodiesel production. The maximum yield of biodiesel produced was 97.82% under reaction conditions of Ch-CaOimpregnate with methyl ester of 98.3%. In the last phase of the study, the biodiesel properties were analyzed and it was found that the biodiesel properties meet the biodiesel standards issued by the Department of Energy Business.
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