Soil Nutrients Rich Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch/Water Hyacinth Bio-composite Films
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jan 30, 2020
Keywords:
Bio-composites Tapioca Starch Water Hyacinth Soil Burial Test Soil Fertility
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bio-composites, material or polymer resin, which are produced from bio-based and it can be biodegradable. The use of these material produce bioplastics to replace commodity plastics petroleumbased. In this research, the study of preparation bio-composite films from thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPS) and Water Hyacinth (WH) by casting-solution techniques. TPS composites were prepared using glycerol-urea (GU) mixed plasticizer and water act as solvent at 85 degree Celsius, with WH content varying from 10 to 40% by weight. From the results showed that the TPS composites with 10–20% by weight of WH can be film fabricated and WH uniformly dispersed throughout the TPS matrix. TPS/WH composite films of ratio 80/20 with incorporated 10 pph GU was exhibited good mechanical properties overall when compared to other compounds. In addition, when WH fiber was used as the reinforcement, it produced 10TPS/WH bio-composite films with enhancing moisture resistance compared to 10TPS film. Finally, the physico-chemical properties of soil sample after bio-composite films degraded in soil were investigated. The soil sample was indicated that improve the soil fertility based on the increase of organic matter. The three macronutrients including organic nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium significantly increased.
Article Details
Section
Applied Science Research Articles
The articles published are the opinion of the author only. The author is responsible for any legal consequences. That may arise from that article.
References
[1] S. Sunee and T. Thitikul, “The pot plant compressed machine from coconut dust and coconut fiber,” Research Reports, Department of Technical Education, Faculty of Technical Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2010 (in Thai).
[2] K. Hamad, M. Kaseem, M. Ayyoob, J. Joo, and F. Deri, “Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 85, pp. 83–127, 2018.
[3] P. Kunthadong, R. Molloy, P. Worajittiphon, T. Leejarkpai, N. Kaabbuathong, and W. Punyodom, “Biodegradable plasticized blends of Poly (L-lactide) and cellulose acetate butyrate: From blend preparation to biodegradability in real composting conditions,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–113, 2015.
[4] Y. Deng and N. L. Thomas, “Blending poly (butylene succinate) with poly(lactic acid): Ductility and phase inversion effects,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 71, pp. 534–546, 2015.
[5] H. F. Zobel, “Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review,” Strarc/Stärke, vol. 2, pp. 40–44, 1988.
[6] A. J. F. Carvalho, A. E. Job, N. Alves, A. A. S. Curvelo, and A. Gandini, “Thermoplastic starch/natural blends,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 53, pp. 95–99, 2003.
[7] H. Angellier, S. Molina-Boisseau, P. Dole, and A. Dufresne, “Thermoplastic-waxy maize starch nanocrystals nanocomposites,” Biomacromolecule, vol. 7, pp. 531–539, 2006.
[8] E. D. M. Teixeira, D. Pasquini, A. A. S. Curvelo, E. Corradini, M. N. Belgacem, and A. Dufresne, “Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 78, pp. 422–431, 2009.
[9] P. M. Forssell, J. M. Mikkila, G. Moates, and R. Parker, “Phase and glass transition behavior of concentrated barley starch-glycerol-water mixtures, a model for thermoplastics starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 34, pp. 275–282, 1997.
[10] R. Shi, Q. Liu, T. Ding, Y. Han, L. Zhang, D. Chen, and W. Tian, “Aging of soft thermoplastic starch with high glycerol content,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 103, pp. 574–586, 2006.
[11] S. Chillo, S. Flores, M. Mastromatteo, A. Conte, L. Gerschenson, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Influence of glycerol and chitosan on tapioca starchbased edible film properties,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 88, pp. 159–168, 2008.
[12] S. Mali, M. V. E. Grossmann, M. A. Garcia, M. N. Martino, and N. E. Zaritzky, “Antiplasticizing effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the properties of cassava starch films,” Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, vol. 11, pp. 194–200, 2008.
[13] R. F. T. Stepto, “The processing of starch as a thermoplastic,” Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 201, pp. 203–212, 2003.
[14] M. Huang, J. Yu, and X. Ma, “Ethanolamine as a novel plasticizer for thermoplastic starch,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 90, pp. 501–507, 2005.
[15] V. Volpe, G. D. Feo, I. D. Marco, and R. Pantani, “Use of sunflower seed fried oil as an ecofriendly plasticizer for starch and application of this thermoplastic starch as a filler for PLA,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 122, pp. 545–552, 2018.
[16] H. Li and M. A. Huneault, “Comparison of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers for thermoplastic starch in TPS/PLA blends,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 119, pp. 2439–2448, 2011.
[17] V. Grazuleviciene, J. Treinyte, and E. Zaleckas, “Film-forming starch composites for agricultural applications,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 20, pp. 485–491, 2012.
[18] X. F. Ma, J. G. Yu, and J. J. Wan, “Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 64, pp. 267–273, 2006.
[19] K. H. Song and I. S. Kim, “Effects of plasticizer on the mechanical properties of kenaf/starch bio-composites,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 14, pp. 2135–2140, 2013.
[20] J. Gironès, J. P. López, P. Mutj, A. J. F. Carvalho, A. A. S. Curvelo, and F. Vilaseca, “Natural fiberreinforced thermoplastic starch composites obtained by melt processing,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 72, pp. 858–863, 2012.
[21] I. Jangchud, T. Ounhachok, P. Sornthummlee, and W. Oonijittichai, “Study of wood polymer composites from water hyacinth fibers and low density polyethylene (LDPE) using PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer,” Forestry Conference, pp. 108–121, 2002.
[22] N. F. Ramirez, Y. S. Hernandez, C. D. Leon, S. R. V. Garcia, L. D. Lvova, and L. G. Gonzalez, “Composites from water hyacinth (Eichhornea Crassipe) and polyester resin,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 196–200, 2015.
[23] S. Buachum and P. Towatana, “The ultilization of aquatic weeds and agricultural residues for composting and planting material in Pak Phanang river basin,” The 6th National and International Conference, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 546–556, 2015 (in Thai).
[24] R. Dechsoongneon, “The effect of material degradation small dry twigs on the growth of plants in pots,” Research Reports, Department of Landscape, Division of Building and Facilities, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2016 (in Thai).
[25] M. R. Kafle, G. Kafle, M. K. Balla, and L. Dhakal, “Results of an experiment of preparing compost from invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia craasipes) in Rupa Lake area, Nepal,” Journal of Wetlands Ecology, vol. 2, pp. 17–19, 2009.
[26] E.O. Mclean, Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbial Properties. Madison, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 1982, ch. 12, pp. 199–224.
[27] A. Walkley, “A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soil: Effect of variation in digestion conditions and of organic soil constituents,” Soil Science, vol. 63, pp. 251–263, 1974.
[28] S. Maneepong, Soil and Plant Analysis. Songkla: Prince of Songkla University Publisher, 1994 (in Thai).
[29] P. Prabuddham, Soil Chemistry. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 1985 (in Thai).
[30] S. R. Olsen, C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, and L. A. Dean, Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. Washington, DC: Circular Letters, Government Publishing Office, 1954.
[31] K. Sriroth and K. Piyachomkwan, Starch Technology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 2003 (in Thai).
[32] S. Kantima, “Effect of glycerol and potassium sorbate on properties of tapioca starch films treated with ultraviolet radiation,” M.S. thesis, Food Technology Programs, Graduate School, Maejo University, 2012 (in Thai).
[33] R. Chindapan and W. Faiphet, “Effects of plasticizers on tensile strength, oil resistance and solubility of mung bean protein films,” Journal of Food Technology, Siam University, vol. 2, no. 1, 2006 (in Thai).
[34] E. R. Lieberman and S. G. Gilbert, “Gas permeation of collagen films as affected by crosslinkage, moisture and plasticizer content,” Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 41, pp. 33–43, 1973.
[35] Land Development Department, Laboratory method manual; chemical soil test procedures, Land Development Department, Bangkok, 2010 (in Thai).
[36] J. S. Lara-Serrano, O. M. Rutiaga-Quinones, J. Lopez-Miranda, H. A. Fileto-Perez, F. E. Pedraza-Bucio, J. L. Rico-Cerda, and J. G. Rutiaga-Quinones, “Physicochemical characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms),” BioResources, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7214–7223, 2016.
[37] T. Seeloy-ounkaew and A. Kimisae, “Soil properties and assessment of soil fertilities in breeder seed and foundation seed of rice seed planting areas, Chachoengsao rice research center, Bangnum-brio District, Chachoengsao Province,” KMUTT Research and Development Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 17–26, 2018 (in Thai).
[38] N. Treesuwan, “Evaluation of soil fertility in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 483, 2001 (in Thai).
[39] Land Survey and Classified Division, “Manual of land suitability classification manual for economic crops in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 453, 2000 (in Thai).
[40] R. J. Okalebo, K. W. Gathua, and P. L. Woomer, Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual, 2nd ed. Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, 2002, pp. 131.
[41] N. C. Brady and R. R. Wail, Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, 2010, pp. 167.
[42] Director Office of Science for Land Development, “Manual for soil, water, fertilizer and plant sample analysis,” Bangkok, Land Development Department, 2004 (in Thai).
[2] K. Hamad, M. Kaseem, M. Ayyoob, J. Joo, and F. Deri, “Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 85, pp. 83–127, 2018.
[3] P. Kunthadong, R. Molloy, P. Worajittiphon, T. Leejarkpai, N. Kaabbuathong, and W. Punyodom, “Biodegradable plasticized blends of Poly (L-lactide) and cellulose acetate butyrate: From blend preparation to biodegradability in real composting conditions,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–113, 2015.
[4] Y. Deng and N. L. Thomas, “Blending poly (butylene succinate) with poly(lactic acid): Ductility and phase inversion effects,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 71, pp. 534–546, 2015.
[5] H. F. Zobel, “Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review,” Strarc/Stärke, vol. 2, pp. 40–44, 1988.
[6] A. J. F. Carvalho, A. E. Job, N. Alves, A. A. S. Curvelo, and A. Gandini, “Thermoplastic starch/natural blends,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 53, pp. 95–99, 2003.
[7] H. Angellier, S. Molina-Boisseau, P. Dole, and A. Dufresne, “Thermoplastic-waxy maize starch nanocrystals nanocomposites,” Biomacromolecule, vol. 7, pp. 531–539, 2006.
[8] E. D. M. Teixeira, D. Pasquini, A. A. S. Curvelo, E. Corradini, M. N. Belgacem, and A. Dufresne, “Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 78, pp. 422–431, 2009.
[9] P. M. Forssell, J. M. Mikkila, G. Moates, and R. Parker, “Phase and glass transition behavior of concentrated barley starch-glycerol-water mixtures, a model for thermoplastics starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 34, pp. 275–282, 1997.
[10] R. Shi, Q. Liu, T. Ding, Y. Han, L. Zhang, D. Chen, and W. Tian, “Aging of soft thermoplastic starch with high glycerol content,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 103, pp. 574–586, 2006.
[11] S. Chillo, S. Flores, M. Mastromatteo, A. Conte, L. Gerschenson, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Influence of glycerol and chitosan on tapioca starchbased edible film properties,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 88, pp. 159–168, 2008.
[12] S. Mali, M. V. E. Grossmann, M. A. Garcia, M. N. Martino, and N. E. Zaritzky, “Antiplasticizing effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the properties of cassava starch films,” Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, vol. 11, pp. 194–200, 2008.
[13] R. F. T. Stepto, “The processing of starch as a thermoplastic,” Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 201, pp. 203–212, 2003.
[14] M. Huang, J. Yu, and X. Ma, “Ethanolamine as a novel plasticizer for thermoplastic starch,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 90, pp. 501–507, 2005.
[15] V. Volpe, G. D. Feo, I. D. Marco, and R. Pantani, “Use of sunflower seed fried oil as an ecofriendly plasticizer for starch and application of this thermoplastic starch as a filler for PLA,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 122, pp. 545–552, 2018.
[16] H. Li and M. A. Huneault, “Comparison of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers for thermoplastic starch in TPS/PLA blends,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 119, pp. 2439–2448, 2011.
[17] V. Grazuleviciene, J. Treinyte, and E. Zaleckas, “Film-forming starch composites for agricultural applications,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 20, pp. 485–491, 2012.
[18] X. F. Ma, J. G. Yu, and J. J. Wan, “Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 64, pp. 267–273, 2006.
[19] K. H. Song and I. S. Kim, “Effects of plasticizer on the mechanical properties of kenaf/starch bio-composites,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 14, pp. 2135–2140, 2013.
[20] J. Gironès, J. P. López, P. Mutj, A. J. F. Carvalho, A. A. S. Curvelo, and F. Vilaseca, “Natural fiberreinforced thermoplastic starch composites obtained by melt processing,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 72, pp. 858–863, 2012.
[21] I. Jangchud, T. Ounhachok, P. Sornthummlee, and W. Oonijittichai, “Study of wood polymer composites from water hyacinth fibers and low density polyethylene (LDPE) using PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer,” Forestry Conference, pp. 108–121, 2002.
[22] N. F. Ramirez, Y. S. Hernandez, C. D. Leon, S. R. V. Garcia, L. D. Lvova, and L. G. Gonzalez, “Composites from water hyacinth (Eichhornea Crassipe) and polyester resin,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 196–200, 2015.
[23] S. Buachum and P. Towatana, “The ultilization of aquatic weeds and agricultural residues for composting and planting material in Pak Phanang river basin,” The 6th National and International Conference, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 546–556, 2015 (in Thai).
[24] R. Dechsoongneon, “The effect of material degradation small dry twigs on the growth of plants in pots,” Research Reports, Department of Landscape, Division of Building and Facilities, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2016 (in Thai).
[25] M. R. Kafle, G. Kafle, M. K. Balla, and L. Dhakal, “Results of an experiment of preparing compost from invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia craasipes) in Rupa Lake area, Nepal,” Journal of Wetlands Ecology, vol. 2, pp. 17–19, 2009.
[26] E.O. Mclean, Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbial Properties. Madison, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 1982, ch. 12, pp. 199–224.
[27] A. Walkley, “A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soil: Effect of variation in digestion conditions and of organic soil constituents,” Soil Science, vol. 63, pp. 251–263, 1974.
[28] S. Maneepong, Soil and Plant Analysis. Songkla: Prince of Songkla University Publisher, 1994 (in Thai).
[29] P. Prabuddham, Soil Chemistry. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 1985 (in Thai).
[30] S. R. Olsen, C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, and L. A. Dean, Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. Washington, DC: Circular Letters, Government Publishing Office, 1954.
[31] K. Sriroth and K. Piyachomkwan, Starch Technology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 2003 (in Thai).
[32] S. Kantima, “Effect of glycerol and potassium sorbate on properties of tapioca starch films treated with ultraviolet radiation,” M.S. thesis, Food Technology Programs, Graduate School, Maejo University, 2012 (in Thai).
[33] R. Chindapan and W. Faiphet, “Effects of plasticizers on tensile strength, oil resistance and solubility of mung bean protein films,” Journal of Food Technology, Siam University, vol. 2, no. 1, 2006 (in Thai).
[34] E. R. Lieberman and S. G. Gilbert, “Gas permeation of collagen films as affected by crosslinkage, moisture and plasticizer content,” Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 41, pp. 33–43, 1973.
[35] Land Development Department, Laboratory method manual; chemical soil test procedures, Land Development Department, Bangkok, 2010 (in Thai).
[36] J. S. Lara-Serrano, O. M. Rutiaga-Quinones, J. Lopez-Miranda, H. A. Fileto-Perez, F. E. Pedraza-Bucio, J. L. Rico-Cerda, and J. G. Rutiaga-Quinones, “Physicochemical characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms),” BioResources, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7214–7223, 2016.
[37] T. Seeloy-ounkaew and A. Kimisae, “Soil properties and assessment of soil fertilities in breeder seed and foundation seed of rice seed planting areas, Chachoengsao rice research center, Bangnum-brio District, Chachoengsao Province,” KMUTT Research and Development Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 17–26, 2018 (in Thai).
[38] N. Treesuwan, “Evaluation of soil fertility in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 483, 2001 (in Thai).
[39] Land Survey and Classified Division, “Manual of land suitability classification manual for economic crops in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 453, 2000 (in Thai).
[40] R. J. Okalebo, K. W. Gathua, and P. L. Woomer, Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual, 2nd ed. Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, 2002, pp. 131.
[41] N. C. Brady and R. R. Wail, Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, 2010, pp. 167.
[42] Director Office of Science for Land Development, “Manual for soil, water, fertilizer and plant sample analysis,” Bangkok, Land Development Department, 2004 (in Thai).