Drying Kinetics of Mango Using Solar Tunnel Dryer
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Published:
Jan 30, 2020
Keywords:
Solar Tunnel Dryer Mango Modelling Effective Moisture Diffusivity
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Abstract
This research presents the thin-layer drying kinetics of mango using a solar tunnel dryer. The drying experiment was carried out at 08.00–18.00 p.m. The samples in the experiment were ripe mango slices with a thickness about of 5 mm. The moisture content of the mango from an initial value of 81.5% w.b. until the moisture content did not change with time. According to the drying experiment results, it was found that the drying was in the type of falling rate period. Mango drying in the solar tunnel dryer takes less drying time than open sun drying. Besides, the experimental data were fitted to eight thin layer mathematical models and their constants evaluated by nonlinear regression analysis. The agreement between the predicted and experimental data for mango in the Two-term model was excellent for considering the drying behavior of mango, and this model was used to optimize the dryer. The effective moisture diffusivity of mango drying with a solar tunnel dryer more than open sun drying, which was determined from Fick’s diffusion by minimizing the sum of squares.
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Engineering Research Articles
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References
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[2] C. M. Ajila, K. A. Naidu, S. G. Bhat, and U. J. S. Prasada Rao, “Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peel extract,” Food Chemistry, vol. 105, pp. 982–988, 2007.
[3] J. Wattanathorn, S. Muchimapura, S. Wittayaareekul, K. Ingkaninan, and N. Leelayuwat, “Screening the potential of Mangifera indica to protect and to increase the efficiency of brain functions,” Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Rep. RDG5220005, 2009 (in Thai).
[4] W. Wang, M. Li, R. H. E. Hassanien, Y. Wang, and L. Yang, “Thermal performance of indirect forced convection solar dryer and kinetics analysis of mango,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 134, pp. 310–321, 2018.
[5] Center for Agricultural Information. (2019 May). Thailand Foreign Agricultural Trade Statistics 2017, Office of Agricultural Economics, Bangkok, Thailand [Online]. Available: http://www.oae.go.th/assets/portals/1/files/jounal/2561/thailandtradestat2560.pdf (in Thai).
[6] S. Janjai, I. Masiri, S. Pattarapanitchai, and J. Laksanaboonsong, “Mapping Global solar radiation from long-term satellite data in the tropics using an improved model,” International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 9, pp. 1–11, 2013.
[7] J. Jareanjit, “A solar dryer technology and its development,” KKU Research Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 110–124, 2012 (in Thai).
[8] M. A. Eltawil, M. M. Azam, and A. O. Alghannam, “Solar PV powered mixed-mode tunnel dryer for drying potato chips,” Renewable Energy, vol. 116, pp. 594–605, 2018.
[9] Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency. (2019 March). Alternative Energy Development Plan: AEDP2015, Ministry of Energy, Bangkok, Thailand [Online]. Available: http://www.dede.go.th/download/files/AEDP2015_Final_version.pdf (in Thai).
[10] E. K. Akpinar and Y. Bicer, “Mathematical modelling of thin layer drying process of long green pepper in solar dryer and under open sun,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1367–1375, 2008.
[11] D. K. Rabha, P. Muthukumar, and C. Somayaji, “Energy and exergy analyses of the solar drying processes of ghost chilli pepper and ginger,” Renewable Energy, vol. 105, pp. 764–773, 2017.
[12] H. Essalhi, M. Benchrifa, R. Tadili, and M. N. Bargach, “Experimental and theoretical analysis of drying grapes under an indirect solar dryer and in open sun,” Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, vol. 49, pp. 58–64, 2018.
[13] A. K. Karthikeyan and S. Murugavelh, “Thin layer drying kinetics and exergy analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in a mixed mode forced convection solar tunnel dryer,” Renewable Energy, vol. 128, pp. 305–312, 2018.
[14] E. A. Mewa, M. W. Okoth, C. N. Kunyanga, and M. N. Rugiri, “Experimental evaluation of beef drying kinetics in a solar tunnel dryer,” Renewable Energy, vol. 139, pp. 235–241, 2019.
[15] L. M. Vargas-Rodríguez, J. E. Morales-Barrera, J. G. Herrera-Haro, J. Antonio-Bautista, R. López-Pozos, and D. Hernández-Sánchez, Official methods of analysis of association of official analytical chemists, 15th ed. Washington DC, 1990.
[16] S. Soponronnarit, “Drying of seeds and certain foods, 7th ed., Banhkok: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, 1997 (in Thai).
[17] L. Blanco-Cano, A. Soria-Verdugo, L. M. Garcia-Gutierrez, and U. Ruiz-Rivas, “Modeling the thin-layer drying process of Granny Smith apples: Application in an indirect solar dryer,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 108, pp. 1086–1094, 2016.
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[19] B. K. Bala, Drying and Storage of Cereal Grains. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., 1997.
[20] A. S. Mujumdar, Handbook of industrial drying, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
[21] L. M. Diamante and P. A. Munro, “Mathematical modelling of the thin layer solar drying of sweet potato slices,” Solar Energy, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 271–276, 1993.
[22] Q. Zhang and J. B. Litchfield, “An optimization of intermittent corn drying in a laboratory scale thin layer dryer,” Drying Technology, vol. 9, pp. 383–395, 1991.
[23] V. T. Karathanos, “Determination of water content of dried fruits by drying kinetics,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 39, pp. 337–344, 1999.
[24] A. Yagcioglu, A. Degirmencioglu, and F. Cagatay, “Drying characteristic of laurel leaves under different conditions,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Agricultural Mechanization and Energy, Turkey, Adana, 1999, pp. 565–569.
[25] S. M. Henderson, “Progress in developing the thin layer drying equation,” Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 17, pp. 1167–1172, 1978.
[26] I. Doymaz, “Effect of dipping treatment on air drying of plums,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 64, pp. 465–470, 2004.
[27] E. K. Akpinar, A. Midilli, and Y. Bicer, “Single layer drying behavior of potato slices in a convective cyclone dryer and mathematical modelling,” Energy Conversion Management, vol. 44, pp. 1689–1705, 2003.
[28] J. Crank, The Mathematics of Diffusion, 2nd ed., London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
[29] K. B. Koua, W. F. Fassinou, P. G., and S. Toure, “Mathematical modelling of the thin layer solar drying of banana, mango and cassava,” Energy, vol. 34, pp. 1594–1602, 2009.
[30] D. Evin, “Thin layer drying kinetics of Gundelia tournefortii L.,” Food and Bioproducts Processing, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 323–332, 2012.
[31] K. Sacilik, R. Keskin, and A. K. Elicin, “Mathematical modelling of solar tunnel drying of thin layer organic tomato,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 231–238, 2006.
[32] S. Janjai, N. Lamlert, P. Intawee, B. Mahayothee, J. Müller, B. K. Bala, and M. Nagle, “Experimental and simulated performance of a PV-ventilated solar greenhouse dryer for drying of peeled longan and banana,” Solar Energy, vol. 83, no. 29, pp. 1550–1565, 2009.
[33] A. O. Dissa, D. J. Bathiebo, H. Desmorieux, O. Coulibaly, and J. Koulidiati, “Experimental characterisation and modelling of thin layer direct solar drying of Amelie and Brooks mangoes,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 2517–2527, 2011.
[34] I. Doymaz, “Evaluation of some thin-layer drying models of persimmon slices (Diospyros kaki L.),” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 56, pp. 199–205, 2012.
