A Low-Power CMOS Current-Mode True RMS-to-DC Converter
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Abstract
This paper presents a low-power CMOS current-mode true RMS-to-DC converter based on the translinear principle of CMOS operating in a saturation region. The technique used for the design of the realization scheme was the implicit computation method. Its main conversion circuit structure consisted of a two-quadrant squaring circuit and a low-pass filter circuit. The circuit can be used with both positive and negative input signals. Simulation results were examined using the HSPICE program with model 0.18 μm BSIM3V3 level 49 TSMC CMOS process parameters. It was found that the circuit features could operate well in a wide input range (500 nA–100 μA), with low supply voltage (1.8 V), low power dissipation (0.15 μW), and a high bandwidth (50 MHz); and the error of conversion accuracy was less than 1%, well in agreement with theory.
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Engineering Research Articles
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References
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[20] C. A. De La Cruz-Blas, A. Lopez-Martin, A. Carlosena, and J. Ramirez-Angulo, “1.5-V Current-mode CMOS true RMS-DC converter based on class-AB transconductors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 376–379, 2005.
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[24] B. P. Van Drieenhuizen and R. F. Wolffenbuttel, “Integrated micromachined electrostatic true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 370–373, 1995.
[25] K. Gupta, M. Bhardwaj, B. P. Singh, and R. Choudhary, “Design of low power low cost true RMS-to-DC converter,” in International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, 2012, pp. 364–367.
[26] E. Farshidi and H. Asiaban, “A new true RMS-to-DC converter using up-down translinear loop in CMOS technology,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 385–390, 2012.
[2] K. Kaewdang, C. Fongsamut, K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontorn, “An integrable CMOSbased true RMS-to-DC converter using class AB amplifier,” in Proceeding of EECON-24, pp. 136–141, 2001 (in Thai).
[3] P. B. Petrovic, “Electronically controllable current-mode true RMS to DC converter,” Journal of Microelectronics, Electronic Components and Materials, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 117–124, 2015.
[4] G. Lian, S. Zhang, M. Zhang, M. Cheng, and X. Suo, “Application of the RMS-to-DC converter in transformer winding deformation tester,” in International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC), 2011, pp. 3796–3799.
[5] S. A. P. Haddad and W. A. Serdijin, Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing. Springer Publishers, Dordrecht: NL, 2009.
[6] W. Surakampontorn and K. Kumwachara, “A dual translinear-based true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 459–464, 1999.
[7] J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd, W. A. Serdijn, and A. H. M. van Roermund, “An RMS-DC converter based on the dynamic translinear principle,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1146–1150, 1997.
[8] A. J. Lopez-Martin and A. Carlosena, “A 1.5V current-mode CMOS RMS-to-DC converter,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 137–143, 2003.
[9] W. S. Wey and Y. C. Huang, “A CMOS delta-sigma true RMS converter,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 248–257, 2000.
[10] E. Farshidi and S. M. Sayedi, “A micropower multi decade dynamic range current-mode true RMS-to-DC converter,” in IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS), 2007, pp.1493–1496.
[11] M. H. Danesh, S. Nikseresht, and M. Dehdast, “A current-mode RMS-to-DC converter based on translinear principle,” International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 90–93, 2013.
[12] S. Minaei and C. Psychalinnos, “Two-quadrant fully integrable rms-to-dc converter for handling low-frequency signals,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), vol. 69, pp. 1897–1901, 2015.
[13] C. Toumazou, F. J. Lidgey, and D. G. Haigh, Analogue IC Design: The current-mode approach. Peter Peregrinus, London: UK, 1990.
[14] L. Safari and S. J. Azhari, “A novel low voltage very low power CMOS class AB current output stage with ultra high output current drive capability,” Microelectronics Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43, pp. 34–42, 2012.
[15] R. J. Wiegerink, Analysis and Synthesis of MOS Translinear Circuits, Massachusetts Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
[16] S. Pookaiyadom, K. Dejhan, and C. Watanachaiprateep, “Electronically tunable filter blocks,” International Journal of Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 521–527, 1979.
[17] Y. J. Wong and W. E. Ott, Function Circuits: Design and Applications. McGraw-Hill, 1976.
[18] Z. Wang, “Novel pseudo RMS current converter for sinusoidal signals using a CMOS precision current rectifier,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 670–671, 1990.
[19] K. Kaewdang, K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontron, “A translinear-based true RMS-to-DC converter using only npn BJTs,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 472–477, 2009.
[20] C. A. De La Cruz-Blas, A. Lopez-Martin, A. Carlosena, and J. Ramirez-Angulo, “1.5-V Current-mode CMOS true RMS-DC converter based on class-AB transconductors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 376–379, 2005.
[21] A. Worapishet, Wireless CMOS Integrated Circuits Techniques. Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok: TH, 2011.
[22] H. L. Helms, Linear Integrated Circuit Devices 1987: Source Book. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: NJ, 1987.
[23] Analog Devices, Low Level True RMS-to-DC Converter AD636 [Online]. Availble. http://www.analog.com/media/en/technicaldocumentation/data-sheets/AD636.pdf
[24] B. P. Van Drieenhuizen and R. F. Wolffenbuttel, “Integrated micromachined electrostatic true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 370–373, 1995.
[25] K. Gupta, M. Bhardwaj, B. P. Singh, and R. Choudhary, “Design of low power low cost true RMS-to-DC converter,” in International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, 2012, pp. 364–367.
[26] E. Farshidi and H. Asiaban, “A new true RMS-to-DC converter using up-down translinear loop in CMOS technology,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 385–390, 2012.
