Biodiesel Production from Tung Oil and Its Effects on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents the biodiesel production from Tung oil, prepared by transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. Biodiesel properties was also investigated. Engine performance and emission tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with Tung oil biodiesel blends (BD10, BD20, BD30, BD50 and B100) compared with conventional diesel (B7) fuel at a full-load engine speed range of 1,200–2,000 rpm with intervals of 200 rpm. The Tung oil biodiesel contained the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 97.38% wt., viscosity of 7.46 cSt at 40°C, acid value of 0.41 mg KOH/g and a heating value of 42.53 MJ/kg. The experimental results showed that the increase of Tung oil biodiesel blend ratio decreased in torque, power and thermal efficiency (B100 showed average decrease 7.57%, 7.49% and 13.72%, respectively) but increased a specific fuel consumption (B100 showed an average increase 16.92%) compared to diesel. Exhaust gas emission results indicated that diesel blend of increasing Tung oil biodiesel gave a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) but an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX). Sulphur dioxide (SO2) has not been detected all of fuel blends.
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Engineering Research Articles
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References
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[2] J. Werther, “Sustainable and energy-efficient utilization of biomass by co-combustion in large-scale power stations,” Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 135–144, May 2009.
[3] Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. (2016, March 19). Energy situation of Thailand 2015 [Online]. Available: http://www.dede.go.th/down-load/state_59/frontpagedec2558.pdf. (in Thai).
[4] B. Li and M.G. Gilbert, “Vernicia loureiro,” Fl. Cochinch. 2:586.1790. Fl. China 11, vol. 11, pp. 266–267, April 2008.
[5] Y. H. Chen, J. H. Chen, C. Y. Chang, and C. C. Chang, “Biodiesel production from tung (Vernicia montana) oil and its blending properties in different fatty acid compositions,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 24, pp. 9521–9526, December 2010.
[6] W. Warakhom, “Growing factors of tung tree and biodiesel production from tung oil,” Faculty of Industrial Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, March 2015 (in Thai).
[7] L. C. Meher, D. Sagar, and S. N. Naik, “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by trancesterifi–cation–a review,” Renew. Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 248–268, June 2006.
[8] E. Lotero, Y. Liu, D.E. Lopez, K. Suwannakarn, D. A. Bruce, and J. G. Goodwin, “Synthesis of biodiesel via acid catalysis,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 5353–5363, January 2005.
[9] D. V. Manh, Y. H. Chen, C. C. Chang, C. Y. Chang, C. V. Minh, and H. D. Hanh, “Parameter evaluation of biodiesel production from unblended and blended Tung oils via ultrasound–assisted process,” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 368–373, May 2012.
[10] Y. H. Chen, J. H. Chen, and Y. M. Luo, “Complementary biodiesel combination from tung and medium-chain fatty acid oils,” Renewable Energy, vol. 44, pp. 305–310, August 2012.
[11] W. Warakhom, “Effects of pyrolysis oil-diesel blends on the performances and emissions of a small diesel engine,” The Journal of Industrial Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp 72–84, May-August 2014 (in Thai).
[12] S. M. Palash, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. E. Atabani, I. M. Fattah, and A. Sanjid, “Biodiesel production, characterization, diesel engine performance, and emission characteristics of methyl esters from Aphanamixis polystachya oil of Bangladesh,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 91, pp. 149–157, February 2015.
[13] H. Aydin and H. Bayindir, “Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine,” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 588–592, March 2010.
[14] A. M. Liaquat, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, M. A. Hazrat, M. Varman, M. Mofijur, and M. Shahabuddin, “Effect of coconut biodiesel blended fuels on engine performance and emission characteristics,” in Proceedings IOOC-ECOC 5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 583–590, May 2013.
[15] M. M. Rashed, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, M. Mofijur, M. G. Rasul, and N. W. M. Zulkifli, “Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm, jatropha, and moringa oil methyl ester,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 79, pp. 70–76, January 2016.
[16] A. Atmanli, E. Ileri, and N. Yilmaz, “Optimization of diesel–butanol–vegetable oil blend ratios based on engine operating parameters,” Energy, vol. 96, pp. 569–580, February 2016.
[17] O. Özener, L. Yüksek, A. T. Ergenç, and M. Özkan, “Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 115, pp. 875–883, January 2014.
[18] J. Xuea, E. Grift, and C. Hansena, “Effect of bio-diesel on engine performances and emissions,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1098–1116, February 2011.
[19] Z. Utlu and M. S. Kocak, “The effect of biodiesel fuel obtained from waste frying oil on direct injection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions,” Renew Energy, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1936– 1941, August 2008.
[20] S. Punyota and N. Krasaelom, “Performance study of a small size diesel engine operated with used palm oil and diesel blends,” Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 41–52, May–August 2011 (in Thai).
[21] C. Hasimoglu, M. Ciniviz, I. Özsert, Y. Içingür, A. Parlak, and M. Salman, “Performance characteristics of a low heat rejection diesel engine operating with biodiesel,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1709–1715, July 2008.
[22] D. H. Qi, H. Chen, L. M. Geng, and Y. Z. Bian, “Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends,” Energy Convers Manage, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2985–2992, December 2010.
[23] I. Shancita, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, M. M. Rashed, and H. K. Rizwanul Fattah, “A review on idling reduction strategies to improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions of transport vehicles,” Energy Convers Manage, vol. 88, pp. 794–807, December 2014.
[24] M. J. Abedin, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, M. F. M. Sabri, S. M. A. Rahman, A. Sanjid, and I. M. R. Fattah, “Production of biodiesel from a non-edible source and study of its combustion, and emission characteristics: A comparative study with B5,” Renewable Energy, vol. 88, pp. 20–29, April 2016.
[25] I. M. Monirul, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. H. Mosarof, N. W. M. Zulkifli, Y. H. Teoh, and H. G. Howa, “Assessment of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of palm, jatropha and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends,” Fuel, vol 181, pp. 985–995, October 2016.
[26] M. Gumus, “A comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion and heat release characteristics of a biodiesel (hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester) fueled direct injection compression ignition engine,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 2802–2814, October 2010.
[27] H. Sanli, M. Canakci, E. Alptekin, A. Turkcan, and A. N. Ozsezen, “Effects of waste frying oil based methyl and ethyl ester biodiesel fuels on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 159, pp. 179–187, November 2015.
[28] A. Keskin, M. Gürü, D. Altiparmak, and K. Aydin, “Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 553–557, April 2008.
[29] P. K. Devan and N. V. Mahalakshmi, “A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil–eucalyptus oil blends,” Applied Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 675–680, May 2009.
