ฟิล์มคอมโพสิตชีวภาพแป้งมันสำปะหลังเทอร์โมพลาสติก/ผักตบชวาที่เพิ่มปริมาณธาตุอาหารในดิน
Article Sidebar
เผยแพร่แล้ว:
ม.ค. 30, 2020
คำสำคัญ:
คอมโพสิตชีวภาพ แป้งมันสำปะหลัง ผักตบชวา ทดสอบการฝังดิน ความอุดมสมบูรณ์ของดิน
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
คอมโพสิตชีวภาพเป็นวัสดุหรือพอลิเมอร์เรซินที่มาจากฐานชีวมวลและสามารถย่อยสลายได้ทางชีวภาพ นำมาใช้ผลิตเป็นพลาสติกชีวภาพเพื่อทดแทนพลาสติกโภคภัณฑ์จากแหล่งปิโตรเลียม งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการเตรียมฟิล์มคอมโพสิตชีวภาพจากแป้งมันสำปะหลังเทอร์โมพลาสติก (TPS) และผักตบชวา (WH) ด้วยเทคนิคการหล่อขึ้นรูปแบบสารละลาย แป้งมันสำปะหลังเทอร์โมพลาสติกคอมโพสิตเตรียมโดยใช้พลาสติไซเซอร์ผสมกลีเซอรอล-ยูเรีย (GU) และน้ำเป็นตัวทำละลายที่อุณหภูมิ 85 องศาเซลเซียส ด้วยปริมาณของ WH ที่แตกต่างกันร้อยละ 10 ถึง 40 โดยน้ำหนัก ผลการศึกษาพบว่า TPS เสริมแรงด้วย WH ร้อยละ 10–20 โดยน้ำหนักสามารถขึ้นรูปเป็นฟิล์มได้และมีการกระจายตัวของ WH ในเนื้อเมทริกซ์ TPS อย่างสม่ำเสมอโดยฟิล์มคอมโพสิต TPS/WH อัตราส่วน 80/20 ที่มีองค์ประกอบของ GU 10 pph นั้นให้สมบัติเชิงกลโดยรวมที่ดีเมื่อเทียบกับคอมพาวด์อื่น นอกจากนั้นการใช้ WH เป็นตัวเสริมแรงยังทำให้ได้ฟิล์มคอมโพสิตชีวภาพมีความต้านทานน้ำเพิ่มขึ้นเมื่อเทียบกับฟิล์ม 10TPS และลำดับสุดท้ายศึกษาสมบัติทางกายภาพ-เคมีของตัวอย่างดินหลังการย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพในดินของฟิล์มคอมโพสิตชีวภาพ พบว่าดินตัวอย่างมีความอุดมสมบูรณ์มากขึ้นพิจารณาจากปริมาณอินทรียวัตถุที่เพิ่มขึ้นและมีธาตุอาหารหลัก ได้แก่ อินทรีย์ไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรัส และโพแทสเซียมที่เป็นประโยชน์เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ
Article Details
บท
บทความวิจัย ด้านวิทยาศาสตร์ประยุกต์
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์เป็นข้อคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนเท่านั้น
ผู้เขียนจะต้องเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบต่อผลทางกฎหมายใดๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากบทความนั้น
References
[1] S. Sunee and T. Thitikul, “The pot plant compressed machine from coconut dust and coconut fiber,” Research Reports, Department of Technical Education, Faculty of Technical Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2010 (in Thai).
[2] K. Hamad, M. Kaseem, M. Ayyoob, J. Joo, and F. Deri, “Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 85, pp. 83–127, 2018.
[3] P. Kunthadong, R. Molloy, P. Worajittiphon, T. Leejarkpai, N. Kaabbuathong, and W. Punyodom, “Biodegradable plasticized blends of Poly (L-lactide) and cellulose acetate butyrate: From blend preparation to biodegradability in real composting conditions,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–113, 2015.
[4] Y. Deng and N. L. Thomas, “Blending poly (butylene succinate) with poly(lactic acid): Ductility and phase inversion effects,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 71, pp. 534–546, 2015.
[5] H. F. Zobel, “Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review,” Strarc/Stärke, vol. 2, pp. 40–44, 1988.
[6] A. J. F. Carvalho, A. E. Job, N. Alves, A. A. S. Curvelo, and A. Gandini, “Thermoplastic starch/natural blends,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 53, pp. 95–99, 2003.
[7] H. Angellier, S. Molina-Boisseau, P. Dole, and A. Dufresne, “Thermoplastic-waxy maize starch nanocrystals nanocomposites,” Biomacromolecule, vol. 7, pp. 531–539, 2006.
[8] E. D. M. Teixeira, D. Pasquini, A. A. S. Curvelo, E. Corradini, M. N. Belgacem, and A. Dufresne, “Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 78, pp. 422–431, 2009.
[9] P. M. Forssell, J. M. Mikkila, G. Moates, and R. Parker, “Phase and glass transition behavior of concentrated barley starch-glycerol-water mixtures, a model for thermoplastics starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 34, pp. 275–282, 1997.
[10] R. Shi, Q. Liu, T. Ding, Y. Han, L. Zhang, D. Chen, and W. Tian, “Aging of soft thermoplastic starch with high glycerol content,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 103, pp. 574–586, 2006.
[11] S. Chillo, S. Flores, M. Mastromatteo, A. Conte, L. Gerschenson, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Influence of glycerol and chitosan on tapioca starchbased edible film properties,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 88, pp. 159–168, 2008.
[12] S. Mali, M. V. E. Grossmann, M. A. Garcia, M. N. Martino, and N. E. Zaritzky, “Antiplasticizing effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the properties of cassava starch films,” Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, vol. 11, pp. 194–200, 2008.
[13] R. F. T. Stepto, “The processing of starch as a thermoplastic,” Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 201, pp. 203–212, 2003.
[14] M. Huang, J. Yu, and X. Ma, “Ethanolamine as a novel plasticizer for thermoplastic starch,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 90, pp. 501–507, 2005.
[15] V. Volpe, G. D. Feo, I. D. Marco, and R. Pantani, “Use of sunflower seed fried oil as an ecofriendly plasticizer for starch and application of this thermoplastic starch as a filler for PLA,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 122, pp. 545–552, 2018.
[16] H. Li and M. A. Huneault, “Comparison of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers for thermoplastic starch in TPS/PLA blends,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 119, pp. 2439–2448, 2011.
[17] V. Grazuleviciene, J. Treinyte, and E. Zaleckas, “Film-forming starch composites for agricultural applications,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 20, pp. 485–491, 2012.
[18] X. F. Ma, J. G. Yu, and J. J. Wan, “Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 64, pp. 267–273, 2006.
[19] K. H. Song and I. S. Kim, “Effects of plasticizer on the mechanical properties of kenaf/starch bio-composites,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 14, pp. 2135–2140, 2013.
[20] J. Gironès, J. P. López, P. Mutj, A. J. F. Carvalho, A. A. S. Curvelo, and F. Vilaseca, “Natural fiberreinforced thermoplastic starch composites obtained by melt processing,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 72, pp. 858–863, 2012.
[21] I. Jangchud, T. Ounhachok, P. Sornthummlee, and W. Oonijittichai, “Study of wood polymer composites from water hyacinth fibers and low density polyethylene (LDPE) using PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer,” Forestry Conference, pp. 108–121, 2002.
[22] N. F. Ramirez, Y. S. Hernandez, C. D. Leon, S. R. V. Garcia, L. D. Lvova, and L. G. Gonzalez, “Composites from water hyacinth (Eichhornea Crassipe) and polyester resin,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 196–200, 2015.
[23] S. Buachum and P. Towatana, “The ultilization of aquatic weeds and agricultural residues for composting and planting material in Pak Phanang river basin,” The 6th National and International Conference, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 546–556, 2015 (in Thai).
[24] R. Dechsoongneon, “The effect of material degradation small dry twigs on the growth of plants in pots,” Research Reports, Department of Landscape, Division of Building and Facilities, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2016 (in Thai).
[25] M. R. Kafle, G. Kafle, M. K. Balla, and L. Dhakal, “Results of an experiment of preparing compost from invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia craasipes) in Rupa Lake area, Nepal,” Journal of Wetlands Ecology, vol. 2, pp. 17–19, 2009.
[26] E.O. Mclean, Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbial Properties. Madison, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 1982, ch. 12, pp. 199–224.
[27] A. Walkley, “A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soil: Effect of variation in digestion conditions and of organic soil constituents,” Soil Science, vol. 63, pp. 251–263, 1974.
[28] S. Maneepong, Soil and Plant Analysis. Songkla: Prince of Songkla University Publisher, 1994 (in Thai).
[29] P. Prabuddham, Soil Chemistry. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 1985 (in Thai).
[30] S. R. Olsen, C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, and L. A. Dean, Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. Washington, DC: Circular Letters, Government Publishing Office, 1954.
[31] K. Sriroth and K. Piyachomkwan, Starch Technology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 2003 (in Thai).
[32] S. Kantima, “Effect of glycerol and potassium sorbate on properties of tapioca starch films treated with ultraviolet radiation,” M.S. thesis, Food Technology Programs, Graduate School, Maejo University, 2012 (in Thai).
[33] R. Chindapan and W. Faiphet, “Effects of plasticizers on tensile strength, oil resistance and solubility of mung bean protein films,” Journal of Food Technology, Siam University, vol. 2, no. 1, 2006 (in Thai).
[34] E. R. Lieberman and S. G. Gilbert, “Gas permeation of collagen films as affected by crosslinkage, moisture and plasticizer content,” Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 41, pp. 33–43, 1973.
[35] Land Development Department, Laboratory method manual; chemical soil test procedures, Land Development Department, Bangkok, 2010 (in Thai).
[36] J. S. Lara-Serrano, O. M. Rutiaga-Quinones, J. Lopez-Miranda, H. A. Fileto-Perez, F. E. Pedraza-Bucio, J. L. Rico-Cerda, and J. G. Rutiaga-Quinones, “Physicochemical characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms),” BioResources, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7214–7223, 2016.
[37] T. Seeloy-ounkaew and A. Kimisae, “Soil properties and assessment of soil fertilities in breeder seed and foundation seed of rice seed planting areas, Chachoengsao rice research center, Bangnum-brio District, Chachoengsao Province,” KMUTT Research and Development Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 17–26, 2018 (in Thai).
[38] N. Treesuwan, “Evaluation of soil fertility in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 483, 2001 (in Thai).
[39] Land Survey and Classified Division, “Manual of land suitability classification manual for economic crops in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 453, 2000 (in Thai).
[40] R. J. Okalebo, K. W. Gathua, and P. L. Woomer, Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual, 2nd ed. Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, 2002, pp. 131.
[41] N. C. Brady and R. R. Wail, Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, 2010, pp. 167.
[42] Director Office of Science for Land Development, “Manual for soil, water, fertilizer and plant sample analysis,” Bangkok, Land Development Department, 2004 (in Thai).
[2] K. Hamad, M. Kaseem, M. Ayyoob, J. Joo, and F. Deri, “Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 85, pp. 83–127, 2018.
[3] P. Kunthadong, R. Molloy, P. Worajittiphon, T. Leejarkpai, N. Kaabbuathong, and W. Punyodom, “Biodegradable plasticized blends of Poly (L-lactide) and cellulose acetate butyrate: From blend preparation to biodegradability in real composting conditions,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–113, 2015.
[4] Y. Deng and N. L. Thomas, “Blending poly (butylene succinate) with poly(lactic acid): Ductility and phase inversion effects,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 71, pp. 534–546, 2015.
[5] H. F. Zobel, “Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review,” Strarc/Stärke, vol. 2, pp. 40–44, 1988.
[6] A. J. F. Carvalho, A. E. Job, N. Alves, A. A. S. Curvelo, and A. Gandini, “Thermoplastic starch/natural blends,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 53, pp. 95–99, 2003.
[7] H. Angellier, S. Molina-Boisseau, P. Dole, and A. Dufresne, “Thermoplastic-waxy maize starch nanocrystals nanocomposites,” Biomacromolecule, vol. 7, pp. 531–539, 2006.
[8] E. D. M. Teixeira, D. Pasquini, A. A. S. Curvelo, E. Corradini, M. N. Belgacem, and A. Dufresne, “Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 78, pp. 422–431, 2009.
[9] P. M. Forssell, J. M. Mikkila, G. Moates, and R. Parker, “Phase and glass transition behavior of concentrated barley starch-glycerol-water mixtures, a model for thermoplastics starch,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 34, pp. 275–282, 1997.
[10] R. Shi, Q. Liu, T. Ding, Y. Han, L. Zhang, D. Chen, and W. Tian, “Aging of soft thermoplastic starch with high glycerol content,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 103, pp. 574–586, 2006.
[11] S. Chillo, S. Flores, M. Mastromatteo, A. Conte, L. Gerschenson, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Influence of glycerol and chitosan on tapioca starchbased edible film properties,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 88, pp. 159–168, 2008.
[12] S. Mali, M. V. E. Grossmann, M. A. Garcia, M. N. Martino, and N. E. Zaritzky, “Antiplasticizing effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the properties of cassava starch films,” Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, vol. 11, pp. 194–200, 2008.
[13] R. F. T. Stepto, “The processing of starch as a thermoplastic,” Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 201, pp. 203–212, 2003.
[14] M. Huang, J. Yu, and X. Ma, “Ethanolamine as a novel plasticizer for thermoplastic starch,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 90, pp. 501–507, 2005.
[15] V. Volpe, G. D. Feo, I. D. Marco, and R. Pantani, “Use of sunflower seed fried oil as an ecofriendly plasticizer for starch and application of this thermoplastic starch as a filler for PLA,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 122, pp. 545–552, 2018.
[16] H. Li and M. A. Huneault, “Comparison of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers for thermoplastic starch in TPS/PLA blends,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 119, pp. 2439–2448, 2011.
[17] V. Grazuleviciene, J. Treinyte, and E. Zaleckas, “Film-forming starch composites for agricultural applications,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 20, pp. 485–491, 2012.
[18] X. F. Ma, J. G. Yu, and J. J. Wan, “Urea and ethanolamine as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 64, pp. 267–273, 2006.
[19] K. H. Song and I. S. Kim, “Effects of plasticizer on the mechanical properties of kenaf/starch bio-composites,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 14, pp. 2135–2140, 2013.
[20] J. Gironès, J. P. López, P. Mutj, A. J. F. Carvalho, A. A. S. Curvelo, and F. Vilaseca, “Natural fiberreinforced thermoplastic starch composites obtained by melt processing,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 72, pp. 858–863, 2012.
[21] I. Jangchud, T. Ounhachok, P. Sornthummlee, and W. Oonijittichai, “Study of wood polymer composites from water hyacinth fibers and low density polyethylene (LDPE) using PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer,” Forestry Conference, pp. 108–121, 2002.
[22] N. F. Ramirez, Y. S. Hernandez, C. D. Leon, S. R. V. Garcia, L. D. Lvova, and L. G. Gonzalez, “Composites from water hyacinth (Eichhornea Crassipe) and polyester resin,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 196–200, 2015.
[23] S. Buachum and P. Towatana, “The ultilization of aquatic weeds and agricultural residues for composting and planting material in Pak Phanang river basin,” The 6th National and International Conference, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 546–556, 2015 (in Thai).
[24] R. Dechsoongneon, “The effect of material degradation small dry twigs on the growth of plants in pots,” Research Reports, Department of Landscape, Division of Building and Facilities, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 2016 (in Thai).
[25] M. R. Kafle, G. Kafle, M. K. Balla, and L. Dhakal, “Results of an experiment of preparing compost from invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia craasipes) in Rupa Lake area, Nepal,” Journal of Wetlands Ecology, vol. 2, pp. 17–19, 2009.
[26] E.O. Mclean, Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbial Properties. Madison, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 1982, ch. 12, pp. 199–224.
[27] A. Walkley, “A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soil: Effect of variation in digestion conditions and of organic soil constituents,” Soil Science, vol. 63, pp. 251–263, 1974.
[28] S. Maneepong, Soil and Plant Analysis. Songkla: Prince of Songkla University Publisher, 1994 (in Thai).
[29] P. Prabuddham, Soil Chemistry. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 1985 (in Thai).
[30] S. R. Olsen, C. V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, and L. A. Dean, Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. Washington, DC: Circular Letters, Government Publishing Office, 1954.
[31] K. Sriroth and K. Piyachomkwan, Starch Technology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press, 2003 (in Thai).
[32] S. Kantima, “Effect of glycerol and potassium sorbate on properties of tapioca starch films treated with ultraviolet radiation,” M.S. thesis, Food Technology Programs, Graduate School, Maejo University, 2012 (in Thai).
[33] R. Chindapan and W. Faiphet, “Effects of plasticizers on tensile strength, oil resistance and solubility of mung bean protein films,” Journal of Food Technology, Siam University, vol. 2, no. 1, 2006 (in Thai).
[34] E. R. Lieberman and S. G. Gilbert, “Gas permeation of collagen films as affected by crosslinkage, moisture and plasticizer content,” Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 41, pp. 33–43, 1973.
[35] Land Development Department, Laboratory method manual; chemical soil test procedures, Land Development Department, Bangkok, 2010 (in Thai).
[36] J. S. Lara-Serrano, O. M. Rutiaga-Quinones, J. Lopez-Miranda, H. A. Fileto-Perez, F. E. Pedraza-Bucio, J. L. Rico-Cerda, and J. G. Rutiaga-Quinones, “Physicochemical characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms),” BioResources, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7214–7223, 2016.
[37] T. Seeloy-ounkaew and A. Kimisae, “Soil properties and assessment of soil fertilities in breeder seed and foundation seed of rice seed planting areas, Chachoengsao rice research center, Bangnum-brio District, Chachoengsao Province,” KMUTT Research and Development Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 17–26, 2018 (in Thai).
[38] N. Treesuwan, “Evaluation of soil fertility in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 483, 2001 (in Thai).
[39] Land Survey and Classified Division, “Manual of land suitability classification manual for economic crops in Thailand,” Academic Documents, vol. 453, 2000 (in Thai).
[40] R. J. Okalebo, K. W. Gathua, and P. L. Woomer, Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual, 2nd ed. Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, 2002, pp. 131.
[41] N. C. Brady and R. R. Wail, Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, 2010, pp. 167.
[42] Director Office of Science for Land Development, “Manual for soil, water, fertilizer and plant sample analysis,” Bangkok, Land Development Department, 2004 (in Thai).