วงจรหาค่าเฉลี่ยกำลังสองของสัญญาณที่ซีมอสทำงานในโหมดกระแสกำลังต่ำ
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้นำเสนอ วงจรหาค่าเฉลี่ยกำลังสองของสัญญาณที่ซีมอสทำงานในโหมดกระแสกำลังต่ำ โดยอาศัยหลักการทรานส์ลิเนียร์ที่ซีมอสทำงานในสภาวะอิ่มตัว และใช้เทคนิคการออกแบบวงจรด้วยวิธีการคำนวณแบบอ้อม โครงสร้างวงจรที่นำเสนอประกอบด้วยวงจรหลัก คือ วงจรยกกำลังสองแบบ 2 จตุภาค และวงจรกรองสัญญาณความถี่ต่ำผ่าน ซึ่งสามารถรองรับการทำงานของสัญญาณอินพุตได้ทั้งสัญญาณด้านบวกและลบ ผลการจำลองการทำงานของวงจรทดสอบด้วยโปรแกรม HSPICE โดยใช้แบบจำลองพารามิเตอร์ของ BSIM3v3 ระดับ 49 เทคโนโลยีซีมอส TSMC 0.18 μm พบว่า คุณสมบัติของวงจรสามารถทำงานได้ดีที่ช่วงกระแสอินพุตกว้าง (500 nA–100 μA) แรงดันไฟเลี้ยงต่ำ (1.8 V) อัตราการบริโภคกำลังต่ำ (0.15 μW) มีค่าความกว้างแถบความถี่ใช้งานสูง (50 MHz) และความคลาดเคลื่อนในการแปลงสัญญาณต่ำกว่าร้อยละ 1 ซึ่งผลการจำลองการทำงานของวงจรที่ได้มีค่าสอดคล้องตามทฤษฎี
Article Details
บท
บทความวิจัย ด้านวิศวกรรมศาสตร์
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์เป็นข้อคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนเท่านั้น
ผู้เขียนจะต้องเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบต่อผลทางกฎหมายใดๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากบทความนั้น
References
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[19] K. Kaewdang, K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontron, “A translinear-based true RMS-to-DC converter using only npn BJTs,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 472–477, 2009.
[20] C. A. De La Cruz-Blas, A. Lopez-Martin, A. Carlosena, and J. Ramirez-Angulo, “1.5-V Current-mode CMOS true RMS-DC converter based on class-AB transconductors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 376–379, 2005.
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[24] B. P. Van Drieenhuizen and R. F. Wolffenbuttel, “Integrated micromachined electrostatic true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 370–373, 1995.
[25] K. Gupta, M. Bhardwaj, B. P. Singh, and R. Choudhary, “Design of low power low cost true RMS-to-DC converter,” in International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, 2012, pp. 364–367.
[26] E. Farshidi and H. Asiaban, “A new true RMS-to-DC converter using up-down translinear loop in CMOS technology,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 385–390, 2012.
[2] K. Kaewdang, C. Fongsamut, K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontorn, “An integrable CMOSbased true RMS-to-DC converter using class AB amplifier,” in Proceeding of EECON-24, pp. 136–141, 2001 (in Thai).
[3] P. B. Petrovic, “Electronically controllable current-mode true RMS to DC converter,” Journal of Microelectronics, Electronic Components and Materials, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 117–124, 2015.
[4] G. Lian, S. Zhang, M. Zhang, M. Cheng, and X. Suo, “Application of the RMS-to-DC converter in transformer winding deformation tester,” in International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC), 2011, pp. 3796–3799.
[5] S. A. P. Haddad and W. A. Serdijin, Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing. Springer Publishers, Dordrecht: NL, 2009.
[6] W. Surakampontorn and K. Kumwachara, “A dual translinear-based true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 459–464, 1999.
[7] J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd, W. A. Serdijn, and A. H. M. van Roermund, “An RMS-DC converter based on the dynamic translinear principle,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1146–1150, 1997.
[8] A. J. Lopez-Martin and A. Carlosena, “A 1.5V current-mode CMOS RMS-to-DC converter,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 137–143, 2003.
[9] W. S. Wey and Y. C. Huang, “A CMOS delta-sigma true RMS converter,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 248–257, 2000.
[10] E. Farshidi and S. M. Sayedi, “A micropower multi decade dynamic range current-mode true RMS-to-DC converter,” in IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS), 2007, pp.1493–1496.
[11] M. H. Danesh, S. Nikseresht, and M. Dehdast, “A current-mode RMS-to-DC converter based on translinear principle,” International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 90–93, 2013.
[12] S. Minaei and C. Psychalinnos, “Two-quadrant fully integrable rms-to-dc converter for handling low-frequency signals,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), vol. 69, pp. 1897–1901, 2015.
[13] C. Toumazou, F. J. Lidgey, and D. G. Haigh, Analogue IC Design: The current-mode approach. Peter Peregrinus, London: UK, 1990.
[14] L. Safari and S. J. Azhari, “A novel low voltage very low power CMOS class AB current output stage with ultra high output current drive capability,” Microelectronics Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43, pp. 34–42, 2012.
[15] R. J. Wiegerink, Analysis and Synthesis of MOS Translinear Circuits, Massachusetts Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
[16] S. Pookaiyadom, K. Dejhan, and C. Watanachaiprateep, “Electronically tunable filter blocks,” International Journal of Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 521–527, 1979.
[17] Y. J. Wong and W. E. Ott, Function Circuits: Design and Applications. McGraw-Hill, 1976.
[18] Z. Wang, “Novel pseudo RMS current converter for sinusoidal signals using a CMOS precision current rectifier,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 670–671, 1990.
[19] K. Kaewdang, K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontron, “A translinear-based true RMS-to-DC converter using only npn BJTs,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 472–477, 2009.
[20] C. A. De La Cruz-Blas, A. Lopez-Martin, A. Carlosena, and J. Ramirez-Angulo, “1.5-V Current-mode CMOS true RMS-DC converter based on class-AB transconductors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 376–379, 2005.
[21] A. Worapishet, Wireless CMOS Integrated Circuits Techniques. Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok: TH, 2011.
[22] H. L. Helms, Linear Integrated Circuit Devices 1987: Source Book. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: NJ, 1987.
[23] Analog Devices, Low Level True RMS-to-DC Converter AD636 [Online]. Availble. http://www.analog.com/media/en/technicaldocumentation/data-sheets/AD636.pdf
[24] B. P. Van Drieenhuizen and R. F. Wolffenbuttel, “Integrated micromachined electrostatic true RMS-to-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 370–373, 1995.
[25] K. Gupta, M. Bhardwaj, B. P. Singh, and R. Choudhary, “Design of low power low cost true RMS-to-DC converter,” in International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, 2012, pp. 364–367.
[26] E. Farshidi and H. Asiaban, “A new true RMS-to-DC converter using up-down translinear loop in CMOS technology,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 385–390, 2012.