การผลิตไบโอดีเซลจากน้ำมันมะเยาหินและผลของเชื้อเพลิงไบโอดีเซลต่อสมรรถนะและก๊าซไอเสียของเครื่องยนต์
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความวิจัยนี้ทำการศึกษาการผลิตไบโอดีเซลจากน้ำมันมะเยาหินด้วยกระบวนการทรานส์เอสเทอริฟิเคชันโดยใช้โพแทสเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์ (KOH) เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาพร้อมทั้งทำการศึกษาคุณสมบัติของไบโอดีเซลในการศึกษาสมรรถนะและการปล่อยก๊าซไอเสียใช้เครื่องยนต์ดีเซลลูกสูบเดี่ยว อัตราส่วนเชื้อเพลิงผสมไบโอดีเซลที่ทำการศึกษาคือ BD10, BD20, BD30, BD50 และ B100 เปรียบเทียบกับน้ำมันดีเซลที่ขายในท้องตลาด (B7) ที่ภาวะโหลดสูงสุดโดยเพิ่มความเร็วรอบครั้งละ 200 รอบต่อนาที ตั้งแต่ความเร็วรอบ 1,200–2,000 รอบต่อนาที ผลการศึกษาสมบัติของไบโอดีเซลพบว่ามีค่ากรดไขมันเททิลเอสเทอร์ 97.38% โดยน้ำหนัก ค่าความหนืด 7.46 cSt ที่ 40°C ค่าความเป็นกรด 0.41 mg KOH/g และค่าความร้อนสูง 42.53 MJ/kg ผลการศึกษาสมรรถนะเครื่องยนต์พบว่าเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณไบโอดีเซลในเชื้อเพลิงผสมส่งผลทำให้แรงบิด กำลัง และประสิทธิภาพเชิงความร้อนลดลง (B100 มีค่าลดลงเฉลี่ย 7.57%, 7.49% และ 13.72% ตามลำดับ) แต่อัตราการสิ้นเปลืองน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิงจำเพาะมีค่าเพิ่มขึ้น (B100 มีค่าเพิ่มขึ้นเฉลี่ย 16.92%) เมื่อเทียบกับน้ำมันดีเซล ส่วนการปล่อยก๊าซไอเสียของเครื่องยนต์พบว่าเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณไบโอดีเซลในเชื้อเพลิงผสมจะมีการปล่อย CO ลดลงแต่มีการปล่อย CO2 และ NOX เพิ่มขึ้น ในส่วนของ SO2 ไม่มีการปล่อยออกมาในทุกอัตราส่วนของเชื้อเพลิงผสม
Article Details
บท
บทความวิจัย ด้านวิศวกรรมศาสตร์
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์เป็นข้อคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนเท่านั้น
ผู้เขียนจะต้องเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบต่อผลทางกฎหมายใดๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากบทความนั้น
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[5] Y. H. Chen, J. H. Chen, C. Y. Chang, and C. C. Chang, “Biodiesel production from tung (Vernicia montana) oil and its blending properties in different fatty acid compositions,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 24, pp. 9521–9526, December 2010.
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[7] L. C. Meher, D. Sagar, and S. N. Naik, “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by trancesterifi–cation–a review,” Renew. Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 248–268, June 2006.
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[9] D. V. Manh, Y. H. Chen, C. C. Chang, C. Y. Chang, C. V. Minh, and H. D. Hanh, “Parameter evaluation of biodiesel production from unblended and blended Tung oils via ultrasound–assisted process,” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 368–373, May 2012.
[10] Y. H. Chen, J. H. Chen, and Y. M. Luo, “Complementary biodiesel combination from tung and medium-chain fatty acid oils,” Renewable Energy, vol. 44, pp. 305–310, August 2012.
[11] W. Warakhom, “Effects of pyrolysis oil-diesel blends on the performances and emissions of a small diesel engine,” The Journal of Industrial Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp 72–84, May-August 2014 (in Thai).
[12] S. M. Palash, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. E. Atabani, I. M. Fattah, and A. Sanjid, “Biodiesel production, characterization, diesel engine performance, and emission characteristics of methyl esters from Aphanamixis polystachya oil of Bangladesh,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 91, pp. 149–157, February 2015.
[13] H. Aydin and H. Bayindir, “Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine,” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 588–592, March 2010.
[14] A. M. Liaquat, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, M. A. Hazrat, M. Varman, M. Mofijur, and M. Shahabuddin, “Effect of coconut biodiesel blended fuels on engine performance and emission characteristics,” in Proceedings IOOC-ECOC 5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 583–590, May 2013.
[15] M. M. Rashed, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, M. Mofijur, M. G. Rasul, and N. W. M. Zulkifli, “Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm, jatropha, and moringa oil methyl ester,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 79, pp. 70–76, January 2016.
[16] A. Atmanli, E. Ileri, and N. Yilmaz, “Optimization of diesel–butanol–vegetable oil blend ratios based on engine operating parameters,” Energy, vol. 96, pp. 569–580, February 2016.
[17] O. Özener, L. Yüksek, A. T. Ergenç, and M. Özkan, “Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 115, pp. 875–883, January 2014.
[18] J. Xuea, E. Grift, and C. Hansena, “Effect of bio-diesel on engine performances and emissions,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1098–1116, February 2011.
[19] Z. Utlu and M. S. Kocak, “The effect of biodiesel fuel obtained from waste frying oil on direct injection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions,” Renew Energy, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1936– 1941, August 2008.
[20] S. Punyota and N. Krasaelom, “Performance study of a small size diesel engine operated with used palm oil and diesel blends,” Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 41–52, May–August 2011 (in Thai).
[21] C. Hasimoglu, M. Ciniviz, I. Özsert, Y. Içingür, A. Parlak, and M. Salman, “Performance characteristics of a low heat rejection diesel engine operating with biodiesel,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1709–1715, July 2008.
[22] D. H. Qi, H. Chen, L. M. Geng, and Y. Z. Bian, “Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends,” Energy Convers Manage, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2985–2992, December 2010.
[23] I. Shancita, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, M. M. Rashed, and H. K. Rizwanul Fattah, “A review on idling reduction strategies to improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions of transport vehicles,” Energy Convers Manage, vol. 88, pp. 794–807, December 2014.
[24] M. J. Abedin, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, M. F. M. Sabri, S. M. A. Rahman, A. Sanjid, and I. M. R. Fattah, “Production of biodiesel from a non-edible source and study of its combustion, and emission characteristics: A comparative study with B5,” Renewable Energy, vol. 88, pp. 20–29, April 2016.
[25] I. M. Monirul, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. H. Mosarof, N. W. M. Zulkifli, Y. H. Teoh, and H. G. Howa, “Assessment of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of palm, jatropha and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends,” Fuel, vol 181, pp. 985–995, October 2016.
[26] M. Gumus, “A comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion and heat release characteristics of a biodiesel (hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester) fueled direct injection compression ignition engine,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 2802–2814, October 2010.
[27] H. Sanli, M. Canakci, E. Alptekin, A. Turkcan, and A. N. Ozsezen, “Effects of waste frying oil based methyl and ethyl ester biodiesel fuels on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 159, pp. 179–187, November 2015.
[28] A. Keskin, M. Gürü, D. Altiparmak, and K. Aydin, “Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 553–557, April 2008.
[29] P. K. Devan and N. V. Mahalakshmi, “A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil–eucalyptus oil blends,” Applied Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 675–680, May 2009.