Factors Associated with Self Care Behavior among People at Risk of Diabetes in Wangsomboon Sub-district, Wangsomboon District, Sa Kaeo Province

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate factors influencing self-care behaviors among people at risk for diabetes in Wang Sombun Subdistrict, Wang Sombun District, Sa Kaeo Province. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, with a sample of 188 participants selected through simple random sampling based on the Krejcie and Morgan formula. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple linear regression.

The findings revealed that the majority of participants had a moderate level of perceived health beliefs based on the Health Belief Model and self-care behaviors at a moderate level. Correlation analysis indicated that gender identity and marital status were significantly associated with self-care behaviors at the 0.05 level. Furthermore, predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors all had positive correlations with self-care behaviors at a high level of statistical significance (p < 0.001). When analyzed together, enabling factors, gender identity, and marital status were able to predict 23.18% of the variance in self-care behaviors. Among these, reinforcing factors had the strongest positive influence, followed by gender identity and marital status, respectively. Recommendations based on the findings, it is recommended to develop health promotion activities that emphasize community participation, including family members, community stakeholders, and village health volunteers (VHVs). These efforts should aim to systematically strengthen social support mechanisms for at-risk groups, enhance awareness of the benefits of health self-care, and reduce barriers to behavioral change. The ultimate goal is to enable individuals at risk for diabetes to perform sustainable and continuous self-care behaviors.