Effects of Geomagnetic Storm with Coronal Mass Ejections Driven on Infrared Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in Lower Thermosphere
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Abstract
This study examines the response of CO2 infrared radiation (IR) flux in the upper atmosphere to four moderate geomagnetic storms driven by Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) during 2023. Using data from the SABER instrument aboard the TIMED satellite and space weather parameters from OMNIWeb. The analysis utilized Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) and cross-correlation techniques to examine the relationship between solar wind parameters and CO2 IR flux. Results reveal that the CO2 infrared flux increased significantly by 112% from pre-storm levels, peaking at 3.54 mW/m² approximately 24 minutes after the SYM-H minimum, compared to a baseline average of 1.67 mW/m². A strong negative correlation was found between SYM-H and CO2 IR flux (r = –0.812 for hourly data), while plasma temperature exhibited a positive correlation (r = 0.425 at a 5-hour lag). The response time of the CO2 flux aligns with the storm duration, taking 72-96 hours to return to baseline levels. These findings confirm that CO2 plays a vital role in thermospheric cooling during geomagnetic storms, serving as a key mechanism in maintaining the energy balance of the lower thermosphere. The results are consistent with prior research highlighting the importance of CO2 in the thermospheric energy budget and its response to space weather disturbances.
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