Optimization of solvents in Spirulina maxima extract on somatic embryo induction of Coffea arabica cv. Catimor CIFC 7963

Abstract

The optimization of solvents of spirulina extract (Spirulina maxima) for inducing somatic embryo of Coffea arabica cv. Catimor CIFC 7963 was studied. The leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 5 µM N6–benzyladenine (BA) and the spirulina extract using distilled water (SPE/distilled water 3%) or hexane solvents at 3% (SPE/hexane 3%) (V/V) concentration. The cultures were maintained in dark condition at 25±2 ºC. The results showed that leaves developed into friable callus within one month. Some of the obtained calli developed into somatic embryos within 3 months. The percentages for somatic embryo induction were 76.67% (4.35±3.33 somatic embryo per explant) and 73.33% (4.00±2.18 somatic embryo per explant) which were obtained from the friable calli cultured on ½MS medium, 1 µM 2,4-D, and 5 µM BA supplemented with SPE/distilled water 3% and SPE/hexane 3%, respectively. This experiment revealed that the spirulina distilled water extract with 2,4-D and BA had influenced on C. arabica cv. Catimor CIFC 7963 somatic embryo development.