Occupational Health Risk among Informal Workers in Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Abstract

          Objective: This study aimed to assess work-related health risks among informal workers in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

          Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 400 informal workers aged 45 years and older residing in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing health conditions associated with occupational risk exposures. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were applied for data analysis.

          Results: Most participants were female (65.7%), with a mean age of 56.02 years (SD = 8.09). The predominant occupations were general labor and agriculture. Ergonomic risk emerged as the most significant occupational hazard, particularly heavy lifting associated with lower back pain (55.5%) and maintaining repetitive or awkward postures, such as prolonged bending, for more than 1.5 hours (44.0%). The most frequently reported physical risk was working under direct sunlight (34.5%), while exposure to dust particles was the most common chemical hazard (33.8%). In addition, 22.3% of participants reported experiencing work-related stress. The three most prevalent musculoskeletal symptoms were lower back or waist pain (44.2%), shoulder and neck pain (37.3%), and knee pain (33.8%). Conclusions, informal workers experience substantial ergonomic risks inherent in general labor and agricultural activities, which directly contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. Preventive strategies should emphasize ergonomic improvement of work environments and workstations, proactive education on proper working postures, and targeted health surveillance by local healthcare services to enhance occupational safety and promote sustainable quality of life among informal workers.