เทคโนโลยีการปรับสภาพลิกโนเซลลูโลสสำหรับการผลิตไบโอเอทานอลจากเศษวัสดุเหลือทิ้งทางการเกษตร
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บทคัดย่อ
การใช้ประโยชน์จากของเสียทางการเกษตรเพื่อการผลิตพลังงานชีวภาพมีบทบาทสำคัญในการส่งเสริมเศรษฐกิจหมุนเวียนและลดผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม ชีวมวลลิกโนเซลลูโลส เช่น ฟางข้าว ซังข้าวโพด และชานอ้อย ถือเป็นวัตถุดิบที่มีศักยภาพสูงในการผลิตเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพโดยเฉพาะเอทานอลชีวภาพ อย่างไรก็ตามเนื่องจากโครงสร้างที่ซับซ้อนและทนทานของลิกโนเซลลูโลส โดยเฉพาะการมีอยู่ของลิกนินจึงจำเป็นต้องมีการปรับสภาพเบื้องต้น เพื่อเพิ่มการเข้าถึงของเซลลูโลสและเฮมิเซลลูโลสในการย่อยสลายต่อไป บทความปริทัศน์ฉบับนี้ได้รวบรวมและประเมินวิธีการปรับสภาพทางเคมีหลายรูปแบบ ได้แก่ การปรับสภาพด้วยกรด ด่าง ออร์กาโนซอล์ฟ ของเหลวไอออนิก และตัวทำละลายยูเทกติกเชิงลึก โดยเน้นถึงข้อดี ข้อจำกัด และประเด็นด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมของแต่ละวิธี นอกจากนี้ยังกล่าวถึงเกณฑ์ในการเลือกวิธีการปรับสภาพที่เหมาะสมตามชนิดของชีวมวลและผลิตภัณฑ์ปลายทางที่ต้องการ อีกทั้งยังสำรวจแนวคิดของโรงกลั่นชีวภาพในฐานะวิธีการที่ยั่งยืน เพื่อเพิ่มมูลค่าสูงสุดจากเศษเหลือทางการเกษตร โดยการเปลี่ยนให้เป็นพลังงานชีวภาพ สารเคมีชีวภาพ และวัสดุชีวภาพซึ่งช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการใช้ทรัพยากร ลดการพึ่งพาเชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิล และส่งเสริมความยั่งยืนด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมในระยะยาว
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