แหล่งของคาร์บอนในรูปกรดอะซิติกจากการหมักตะกอนส่วนเกินของระบบก๊าซชีวภาพในการกำจัดสารอาหารในระบบกำจัดฟอสฟอรัสทางชีวภาพแบบเพิ่มพูน

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Chatlada Piasai
Nittaya Boontian
Thunchanok Phorndon
Mohamad Padri

บทคัดย่อ

สารอินทรีย์คาร์บอน ไนโตรเจน และฟอสฟอรัสในน้ำเสียเป็นปัญหามลพิษทางน้ำที่สำคัญ ซึ่งการควบคุมระบบกำจัดฟอสฟอรัสทางชีวภาพแบบเพิ่มพูนจำเป็นต้องมีการเติมแหล่งคาร์บอนจากภายนอก และสารเคมีที่เป็นด่าง ทำให้เสียค่าใช้จ่ายในการซื้อสารเคมีเพิ่มขึ้น ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งศึกษาถึงการกำจัดฟอสฟอรัส ไนโตรเจน และซีโอดีในระบบกำจัดฟอสฟอรัสทางชีวภาพของระบบบำบัดน้ำเสียชุมชน โดยทดลองเติมกรดแอซีติกที่ได้จากการหมักตะกอนส่วนเกินของระบบผลิตก๊าซชีวภาพ และควบคุมความเป็นด่างจากการเติมมูลสุกร และโซเดียมไบคาร์บอเนตที่สัดส่วนเท่ากับ 2 : 1 กำหนดให้ค่าฟอสฟอรัสเท่ากับ 25 มก./ล. ไนโตรเจนในรูปของทีเคเอนเท่ากับ 15 มก./ล. และซีโอดี (กรดแอซีติกที่ได้จากการหมักตะกอนส่วนเกินแบบไร้ออกซิเจน) เท่ากับ 380 มก./ล. อายุตะกอนเท่ากับ 60 วัน ผลการทดลองเมื่อใช้แหล่งคาร์บอนจากการหมักตะกอนส่วนเกินแบบไร้ออกซิเจนพบว่า เมื่อเดินระบบจนเข้าสู่สภาวะคงที่ (91 วัน) การกำจัดฟอสฟอรัส ไนโตรเจน และสารอินทรีย์คาร์บอนมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มสูงขึ้น (ร้อยละ 6.92, 20.72 และ 0.74) เมื่อเทียบกับระบบที่ใช้มูลสุกรอย่างเดียวในการควบคุมความเป็นด่าง ซึ่งจากการทำสมดุลมวลพบว่า มีปริมาณของฟอสฟอรัสที่สะสมในเซลล์จุลินทรีย์ร้อยละ 52.32 แสดงว่าปริมาณกรดแอซีติกจากการหมักตะกอนส่วนเกินของระบบผลิตก๊าซชีวภาพสามารถใช้ทดแทนกรดแอซีติกจากสารเคมี ซึ่งสามารถนำมาใช้เป็นแนวทางในการควบคุมระบบบำบัดน้ำเสียชุมชน และช่วยลดต้นทุนการเดินระบบได้

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