การสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรไทย: การสกัดด้วยไอน้ำและการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลาย
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บทคัดย่อ
ปัจจุบันเทคนิคการกลั่นและการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายได้รับความนิยมอย่างแพร่หลายในการนำมาใช้กับการสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพร โดยการสกัดแบบการกลั่นนั้นใช้หลักการการควบแน่นและการระเหยของสารสำคัญและน้ำ ซึ่งได้นำเสนอไว้สามเทคนิค ได้แก่ การกลั่นด้วยน้ำ การกลั่นด้วยน้ำและไอน้ำ และการกลั่นด้วยไอน้ำ โดยการกลั่นด้วยไอน้ำนี้ได้เพิ่มเทคนิคการกลั่นแบบ Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) ซึ่งนิยมใช้ในปัจจุบันไว้ด้วย สำหรับการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายนั้นจะใช้หลักการของการทำละลายกันระหว่างสารสำคัญและตัวทำละลาย โดยได้นำเสนอการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายไว้หลายเทคนิค ได้แก่ การสกัดแบบชง การสกัดแบบต่อเนื่อง การสกัดแบบการหมัก การสกัดโดยใช้ไขมัน การสกัดสารด้วยของไหลวิกฤติยิ่งยวด การสกัดด้วยคลื่นไมโครเวฟ และการสกัดโดยใช้คลื่นเสียงความถี่สูง นอกจากหลักการพอสังเขปในแต่ละเทคนิคแล้ว นอกจากนี้ยังได้นำเสนอข้อมูลเบื้องต้นที่เกี่ยวข้องกับตัวทำละลาย เช่น หลักการเลือกตัวทำละลายรวมทั้งข้อดีและข้อจำกัดของแต่ละเทคนิคประกอบ ทั้งนี้เพื่อให้ผู้อ่านสามารถเลือกเทคนิคการสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรที่สนใจได้อย่างเหมาะสมต่อไป
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บท
Academic Article
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์เป็นข้อคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนเท่านั้น
ผู้เขียนจะต้องเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบต่อผลทางกฎหมายใดๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากบทความนั้น
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[22] M. Sökmen, E. Demir, and S. Y. Alomar, “Optimization of sequential Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of caffeine and catechins from green tea,” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 133, pp. 171–176, 2018.
[23] A. Afoakwah, J. Owusu, C. Adomako, and E. Teye, “Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of antioxidant constituents in plant materials,” Global Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 132–140, 2012.
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[26] I. A. Saleh, M. Vinatoru, T. Mason, N. Abdel-Azim, E. Aboutabl, and F. Hammouda, “A possible general mechanism for Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) suggested from the results of UAE of chlorogenic acid from Cynara scolymus L.(artichoke) leaves,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry, vol. 31, pp. 330–336, 2016.
[27] F. Chemat, V. Tomao, and M. Virot, “Ultrasoundassisted extraction in food analysis”, in Handbook of food analysis instruments, CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group, 2008, pp. 85–103.
[28] D. P. Xu, J. Zheng, Y. Zhou, Y. Li, S. Li, and H. B. Li, “Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the flower of Limonium sinuatum: Optimization and comparison with conventional methods,” Food chemistry, vol. 217, pp. 552–559, 2017.
[2] J. Azmir, I. S. Zaidul, M. M. Rahman, K. M. Sharif, A. Mohamed, F. Sahena, M. H. Jahurul, K. Ghafoor, N. A. Norulaini, and A. K. Omar. “Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 426–436, 2013.
[3] Z. A. Ahmad, Z. B. Yusoff, A. F. Awang, M. A. Nor, M. S. Zait, M. H. Roslan, and M. Z. Zaid, “Hydro-distillation process in extracting of agarwood essential oil,” in Proceedings Tech nology and Innovation National Conference, Kuching Sarawak, 2015, pp. 203–211.
[4] K. Khlaeo-Chansukh, “Isolattion, separation and identification of active principle from medicinal plants,” Class Material, Applied Thai Tradit ionalMedicine, College of Allied Health Sciences (in Thai).
[5] Starchaser-Healing Arts. (2018, December). Methods of Extracting Essential Oils and Hydrosols. Starchaser-Healing Arts [Online]. Available: http://www.starchaser-healingarts. com/methods-of-extracting-essential-oils-andhydrosols-steam-distillation/
[6] R. S. Verma, R. C. Padalia, and A. Chauhan. “Analysis of the hydrosol aroma of Indian oregano,” Med Aromat Plants, vol. 1, no. 112, pp. 2167–0412, 2012.
[7] T. Allaf, V. Tomao, K. Ruiz, and F. Chemat, “Instant controlled pressure drop technology and ultrasound assisted extraction for sequential extraction of essential oil and antioxidants,” Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, vol. 20, pp. 239–246, 2013.
[8] S. Nualkaew, “Basis of extraction,” Class Material, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University (in Thai).
[9] A. Pandey and S. Tripathi, “Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 2, no. 5, 2014.
[10] A. M. Goula, M. Ververi, A. Adamopoulou, and K. Kaderides, “Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from pomegranate wastes using vegetable oils,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry, vol. 34, pp. 821–830, 2017.
[11] G. Serdar, E. Demir, S. Bayrak, and M. Sökmen, “New approaches for effective microwave assisted extraction of caffeine and catechins from green tea,” International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, vol. 3, no. 1, 2016.
[12] M. Aamir and W. Jittanit, “Ohmic heating treatment for Gac aril oil extraction: Effects on extraction efficiency, physical properties and some bioactive compounds,” Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, vol. 41 pp. 224–234, 2017.
[13] D. Pintać, T. Majkić, L. Torović, D. Orčić, I. Beara, N. Simin, N. Mimica–Dukić, and M. Lesjak, “Solvent selection for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from grape pomace,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 111, pp. 379–390, 2018.
[14] S. Kuplttayanant, K. Indrapichate, and P. Kupittayanant, “Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts on female rat reproductive system,” Research Report, Suranaree University of Technology, 2011 (in Thai).
[15] P. Prasertwaree, J. Mingmuang, S. Thongdee, S. Onthong, and N. Chansuwanich, “The development of transdermal patch from centella asiatica (L.) Urban,” Bulletin of the Department of Medical Sciences, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 174–185, 2015 (in Thai).
[16] M. Rattanaphol, N. Rattanaphol, and J. Puripattanawong, “Use of guava leaf (Psidium quajava Linn.) and Crude Extract from Guava Leaf in Broilers under Evaporative Cooling System,” In Proceedings of the 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 9–18 (in Thai).
[17] B. Phonyotin, “Development of coated cotton gauze using polysaccharide seed gums and herbal extracts,” M.S. thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Thailand, 2017 (in Thai).
[18] A. C. Stratakos and A. Koidis, “Methods for extracting essential oils,” in Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, San Diego: Irish Academic Press, 2016. pp. 31–38.
[19] M. A. A. Meireles, “Supercritical extraction from solid: Process design data (2001–2003),” Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 321–330, 2003.
[20] T. Songsak, “Extraction of active chemical constituent of herbal medicinal plant using microwave-assisted extraction technique,” thesis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University (in Thai).
[21] I. Haloui and A.-H. Meniai, “Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from Algerian Argan (Argania spinosa L.) seeds and yield optimization,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 12912–12919, 2017.
[22] M. Sökmen, E. Demir, and S. Y. Alomar, “Optimization of sequential Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of caffeine and catechins from green tea,” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 133, pp. 171–176, 2018.
[23] A. Afoakwah, J. Owusu, C. Adomako, and E. Teye, “Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of antioxidant constituents in plant materials,” Global Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 132–140, 2012.
[24] Y. Y. Shu, M. Y. Ko, and Y. S. Chang, “Microwaveassisted extraction of ginsenosides from ginseng root,” Microchemical Journal, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 131–139, 2003.
[25] G. Serdar, E. Demir, S. Bayrak, and M. Sökmen, “New approaches for effective microwave assisted extraction of caffeine and catechins from green tea,” International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, vol. 3, no. 1, 2016.
[26] I. A. Saleh, M. Vinatoru, T. Mason, N. Abdel-Azim, E. Aboutabl, and F. Hammouda, “A possible general mechanism for Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) suggested from the results of UAE of chlorogenic acid from Cynara scolymus L.(artichoke) leaves,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry, vol. 31, pp. 330–336, 2016.
[27] F. Chemat, V. Tomao, and M. Virot, “Ultrasoundassisted extraction in food analysis”, in Handbook of food analysis instruments, CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group, 2008, pp. 85–103.
[28] D. P. Xu, J. Zheng, Y. Zhou, Y. Li, S. Li, and H. B. Li, “Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the flower of Limonium sinuatum: Optimization and comparison with conventional methods,” Food chemistry, vol. 217, pp. 552–559, 2017.