Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) – what it is and where do we stand today?
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Stormwater management is a topic of growing complexity. It includes all measures in mitigating stormwater runoff. Various studies have identified stormwater as a major carrier of various pollutants and other contaminants. The utmost motive behind the implementation of stormwater management strategies is to use a suite of Best Management Practices to reduce sediment load, nutrients and chemical pollutant loads in stormwater before they reach natural watercourses downstream. Mitigation of the flood threat is another objective. Mitigation measures have been implemented in many countries with the same objectives. The relevant factors to be considered when adopting stormwater management measures are the geophysical aspects such as the climate, hydrology, land, soil and topography, law and social factors as well as the technical and economic issues. The world is moving more towards green concepts in mitigating stormwater runoff. Some of these measures are Low Impact Designs, Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) and Water Sensitive Urban Design. SUDS are more attuned to the green concept. The primary goal of SUDS is to switch from pipe-engineered system to practices and systems that use and enhance natural processes, i.e. infiltration, evapotranspiration, filtration and re-use. While conventional drainage systems focus only on the stormwater quantity, SUDS pay attention to all three aspects of quantity, quality and amenity/biodiversity. These measures have their own advantages and shortcomings. This review targets the present the state of the art of SUDS and its importance in stormwater management.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Barbosa, A.E.; Fernandes, J.N.; David, L.M.. Key issues for sustainable urban stormwater management. Water Research 2012, 46, 6787-6798.
Hathaway, J.M.; Tucker, R.S.; Spooner, J.M.; Hunt, W.F. A traditional analysis of the first flush effect for nutrients in stormwater runoff from two small urban catchments. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 2012, 223(9), 5903-5915.
Miguntanna, N.P.; Liu, A.; Egodawatta, P.; Goonetileke, A. Characterising nutrients wash-off for effective urban stormwater treatment design. Journal of Environmental Management 2013, 120, 61-67.
Schiff, K.C.; Tiefenthaler, L.L.; Bay, S.M.; Greenstein, D.J. Effects of rainfall intensity and duration on the first flush from parking lots. Water 2016, 8, 320-329.
Reddy, K.R.; Xie, T.; Dastgheibi, S. Removal of heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff using different filter materials. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2014, 2(1), 282-292.
Jang, A.; Seo, Y.; Bishop, P.L. The removal of heavy metals in urban runoff by sorption on mulch. Environmental Pollution 2005, 133(1), 117-127.
Brattebo, B.O.; Booth, D.B. Long-term stormwater quantity and quality performance of permeable pavement systems. Water Research 2003, 37(18), 4369-4376.
Dotto, C.B.; Mannina, G.; Kleidorfer, M.; Vessaro, L.; Hentichs, M.; McCarthya, D.T.; Freni, G.; Rauch, W.; Deletic, A. Compassion of different uncertainty techniques in urban stormwater quality and quantity. Water Research 2012, 46(8), 2545-2558.
Zhou, Q. A review of sustainable urban drainage systems considering the climate change and urbanizatinon impacts. Water 2014. 6, 976-999.
Powell, S.L.; Cohen, W.B.; Yang, Z.; Pierce, J.D.; Alberti, M. Quantification of impervious surface in the Snohomish Water Resources Inventory Area of Western Washington from 1972–2006. Remote Sensing of EnvironmenT 2008, 112(4), 1895-1908.
Kuang, W.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Z.; Lu, D.; Xiang, B. Spatiotemporal dynamics of impervious surface areas across China during the early 21st century. Chinese Science Bulletin 2012, 58(14), 1691-1701.
Paul, M.J.; Judy L.M. Streams in the urban landscape Annual review of Ecology and Systematic 2001, 32, 333-365.
Pitt, R.; Field, R.; Lalor, M.; Brown, M. Urban stormwater toxic pollutants: assessment, sources, and treatability. Water Environment Research 1995, 67(3), 260-275.
Loperfido, J.V.; Noe, G.B.; Jarnagin, S.T.; Hogan, D.M. Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale. Journal of Hydrology 2014, 519, 2584-2595.
Gautam, M.R.; Acharya, K.; Stone, M. Best management practices for stormwater management in the Desert Southwest. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 2010, 146, 30-49.
Rushton, B. Low-impact parking lot design reduces runoff and pollutant loads. Journal of Water Resource Planning and Management 2001, 127:3, 172-179.
Bliss, D.J.; Neufeld, R.D.; Ries, R.J. Stormwater runoff mitigation using a green roof. Environmental Engineering Science 2009, 26(2), 407-418.
Stovin, V. The potential of green roofs to manage urban stormwater. Water and Environment Journal 2010, 24(3), 192–199.
Sieker, F. On-site stormwater management as an alternative to conventional sewer systems: A new concept spreading in Germany. Water Science & Technology 1998, 38(10), 65-71.
Van der Sterren, M.; Rahman, A.; Shrestha, S.; Barker, G,; Ryan, G. An overview of on-site retention and detention policies for urban stormwater management in the Greater Western Sydney Region in Australia. Water International 2009, 34(3), 362-372.
Martens, D.; Frankenberger, W.; Modification of infiltration rates in an organic-amended irrigated. Agronomy Journal 1992, 84(4), 707-717.
Brombach, H.; Weiss, G.; Fuchs, S. A new database on urban runoff pollution: comparison of separate and combined sewer systems. Water Science & Technology 2005, 51(2), 119–128.
De Toffol, S.; Engelhard, C.; Rauch, W. Combined sewer system versus separate system – a comparison of ecological and economical performance indicators. Water Science & Technology 2007, 55(4), 255-264.
Mohammadhossein, K.; Zulkifli, B.Y.; Ali, H. Advancing stormwater management practice in Iran using water sensitive urban design approach. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering 2013, 5(9), 515-520.
Apostolaki, S.; Jefferies, C.; Wild, T. The social impacts of stormwater management techniques. Water Practice & Technology 2006, 1(1), 1-8.
Perales-Momparler, S.; Andres-Domenech, I.; Joaquin, A.; Escuder-Buenob, I. A regenerative urban stormwater management methodology: the journey of a Mediterranean city. Cleaner Production 2015, 109, 174-189.
Brouwer, R.; Akter, S.; Brander, L.; Haque, E. Socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptation to environmental risk: A case study of climate change and flooding in Bangladesh. Risk Analysis 2007, 27 (2), 313-326.
Botzen, W.J.W.; Van den Bergh, W.J.C.J.M. Insurance against climate change and flooding in the Netherlands: present, future, and comparison with other countries. Risk Analysis 2008, 28(2), 413-426.
Suriya, S.; Mudgal B.V. Impact of urbanization on flooding: The Thirusoolam sub watershed – A case study. Journal of Hydrology 2012, 412-413, 210-219.
Hoang, L.; Fenner, R.A.. System interactions of stormwater management using sustainable urban drainage systems and green infrastructure. Urban Water 2015, 13(7), 739-758.
Heal, K.V.; Hepbum D.A.; Lunn, R.I. Sedimentation and sediment quality in sustainable urban drainage systems, Proc. Second National Conference on Sustainable Drainage Coventry University, 23-24 June 2003, ISBN: 1 903818 27 3.
Revitt, D.M.; Shutes, R.B.E.; Jones, R.H.; Forshaw, M.; Winter, B. The performances of vegetative treatment systems for highway runoff during dry and wet conditions. Science of the Total Environment 2004, 334–335, 261–270.
Mguni, P.; Herslund, L.; Jensen, M. Sustainable urban drainage systems: examining the potential for green infrastructure-based stormwater management for Sub-Saharan cities. Natural Hazards 2016, 82(S2), 241-257.
Benedict, M.A.; McMahon, E.T. Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century. Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse Monograph Series, Washington 2005.
Jayasooriya, V.M.; Ng, A.W.M. Tools for modeling of stormwater management and economics of green infrastructure practices: A review. Water Air & Soil Pollution 2014, 225-2055.
Wise, S. Green Infrastructure rising. Planning 2008, 74, 14–19.
Elliot, A.H.; Trowsdale, S.A. A review of models for low impact urban stormwater drainage. Environmental Modeling & Software 2007, 22, 394-405.
Neilson, I.; Turney, D. Green Infrastructure Optimization Analyses for Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control. Low Impact Development international conference 2010, 1533-1541.doi: 10.1061/41099(367)132.
Haris, H.; Chow, M.F.; Usman, F.; Sidek, L.M.; Roseli, Z.A.; Norlida, M.D. Urban Stormwater management model and tools for designing stormwater management of green infrastructure practices. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 32 (2016) 012022.
Rathnayake, U.S.; Tanyimboh, T.T. Evolutionary multi-objective optimal control of combined sewer overflows. Water Resources Management 2015, 29(8), 2715-2731.
Rathnayake, U.S. Multi-objective optimization of combined sewer systems using SWMM 5.0. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Research, 2015, 2(10), 985-993.
Beck, H.J.; Birch, G.F. The magnitude of variability produced by methods used to estimate annual stormwater contaminant loads for highly urbanised catchments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2012, 185(6), 5209-5220.
Zhen, X.; Yu, S.; Lin, J. Optimal location and sizing of stormwater basins at watershed scale. Journal of Water Resource Planning and Management 2004, 130:4, 339-347.
Pitt, R.; Clark, S. Integrated storm-water management for watershed sustainability. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 2008, 134(5), 548-555.
Delleur, J. The evolution of urban hydrology: past, present, and future. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2003, 129, 563–573.
Urbonas, B.R.; Jones, J.E. Summary of emergent urban stormwater themes. In: Urbonas, B.R. (Ed.), Linking Stormwater BMP Designs and Performance to Receiving Water Impact Mitigation, ASCE. 2001.
Petrucci, G.; Rioust, E.; Deroubaix, J.F.; Tassin, B. Do stormwater source control policies deliver the right hydrologic outcomes? Journal of Hydrology 2013, 485, 188-200.
Versini, P.A.; Jouve, P.; Ramier, D.; Berthier, E.; Gouvello, B. Use of green roofs to solve stormwater issues at the basin scale-Study in the Hauts-de-Seine County(France). Urban Water 2016, 13(4), 1-11.
Uhl, M.; Schiedt, L. Green Roof Storm Water Retention–Monitoring Results, 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 31st August-5th September, 2008.
Gregoire, B.G.; Clausen, J.C. Effect of a modular extensive green roof on stormwater runoff and water quality. Ecological Engineering 2011, 37(6), 963-969.
Barrio, E.P.D. Analysis of the green roofs cooling potential in buildings. Energy and Buildings 1998, 27(2), 179-193.
Oberndorfer, E.; Lundholm, J.; Bass, B.; Coffman, R.R.; , Doshi, H.; Dunnett, N.; Gaffin, S.; Kohler, M.; Liu, K.K.Y.; Rowe B.. Green roofs as urban ecosystems: Ecological structures, functions and services. BioScience 2007, 57(10) 823-833.