Europium-doped soda lime borosilicate glass from agricultural wastes: Physical, structural, and optical properties
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Abstract
Wheat husks and eggshells, while often regarded as waste, are available in millions of tons. Despite their status as by-products, these materials possess significant potential for various applications. Thus, this study explores the possibility of agricultural waste as a source of bio-silicate materials for glass production. Bio-silicate was extracted from leached wheat husks, and lime was obtained from eggshells. Europium-doped soda-lime borosilicate glasses were fabricated using the melt-quenching method having a chemical composition of 30Na2O-(40-x)B2O3-20SiO2-10CaO-xEu2O3 wherein x varied from 0.01 to 0.05 mol%. Chemical oxide compositions of wheat husk ash (88.64% SiO₂) and calcined eggshell (91.30% CaO) were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Functional groups were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the glasses were amorphous. The glasses exhibited 2.61 to 3.03 g/cm³ densities and molar volumes of 10.91 to 14.37 cm³, increasing with higher europium doping levels, indicating a denser glass network. Optical features were characterised using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, revealing direct band gaps ranging from 3.55 to 4.90 eV and indirect band gaps from 0.40 to 1.99 eV. Glasses doped with 0.05 mol fraction Eu₃⁺ showed the highest density, molar volume, and Urbach energy, suggesting suitability for UV-absorbing materials and high-energy photonic devices. Due to their unique emission properties under various excitation wavelengths and adaptable optical band gaps, the europium-doped borosilicate glasses derived from agricultural waste are useful in optical devices such as white LEDs.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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