Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil around River Owan in Edo State, Nigeria: Occurrence, distribution, source, and health risk
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Abstract
Environmental pollutants called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants with human health and environmental concerns. The 16 priority, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene PAHs in soil samples from agricultural farmland around River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria was determined by deploying a flame ionization detector with gas chromatography. The total concentration ∑16PAHs of the soil samples is in the range of 0.198 – 0.518µg/kg, ∑18PAHs 0.23 - 0.56 µg/kg, ∑LMW PAHs 0.095 – 0.205 µg/kg while the ∑HMW PAHs 0.087 - 0.348 µg/kg. The Concentration of ∑PAHs is in this order: SO1>SO4>SO5>SO6>SO2>SO7>SO3. The ratio of the LMW/HMW PAHs percentage is 43% - 57%. The ∑7cPAHs were in the range of 0.032 - 0.245 µg/kg with a mean value of 0.133 µg/kg. The ∑TEQ range is 0.004 - 0.139 while the BaP-EQ of the soil samples is 0.285 µg/kg indicating no risk. The diagnostic ratio showed more of the pyrogenic source. The percentage of petrogenic to pyrogenic in the ratio of Ant/(Ant + Phe) is 43% to 57%. The ratio of Flt/(Flt + Pry) is above >0.1 meaning they are from pyrogenic sources. The value of the children’s incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) ranged from 6.43 x 10-8 - 6.46 x 10-6, 2.58 x 10-8 - 2.59 x 10-6, and 1.09 x 10-12 - 1.10 x 10-10 for dermal, ingestion and inhalation while for adult: 2.43 x 10-8 - 2.44 x 10-6, 1.37 x 10-8 - 1.37 x 10-6, and 9.27 x 10-13 - 9.32 x 10-11 for same routes of exposure respectively showing a negligible risk.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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