(La3+ Mg2+) codoped BiFeO3 nanopowders: Synthesis, characterizations, and giant dielectric relaxations
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Published:
Jul 28, 2021
Keywords:
Dielectric permittivity Dielectric relaxation Electron hopping Interfacial polarization
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Abstract
A new strategy to improve the dielectric properties of BiFeO3 is proposed by codoping with La3+ and Mg2+ to control the ceramic microstructure and increase the dielectric permittivity (e¢), respectively. The main phase of BiFeO3 is obtained in nanocrystalline powders of LaxBi1-xFe1-xMgxO3 (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1), which are prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. The particle size of the codoped LaxBi1-xFe1-xMgxO3 is smaller than that of the BiFeO3. A dense ceramic microstructure without porosity is obtained by sintering at 800 °C for 3 h. The mean grain size of the BiFeO3 ceramics decreases with increasing codoping (La3+-Mg2+) concentration. The primary roles of La3+ and Mg2+ are to suppress the grain growth and enhance the densification rate, respectively. At 1 kHz, the e¢ of the LaxBi1-xFe1-xMgxO3 with x = 0.1 increased significantly compared to that of the BiFeO3, while the loss tangent (tand) was lower than that of the BiFeO3. In addition, another role of Mg2+ is to increase the e¢ without any effect on the tand. Two dielectric relaxations are observed in low-frequency (150-250 K) and high-temperature (250-400 K) ranges. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the Fe2+/Fe3+ ration in the codoped LaxBi1-xFe1-xMgxO3 increased compared to that of the BiFeO3, corresponding to the increase in e¢. Thus, a low-temperature dielectric relaxation is attributed to the electron hopping between Fe2+-O-Fe3+. On the other hand, a high-temperature dielectric relaxation is caused by interfacial polarization relaxation.
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Kum-onsa, P. ., Chanlek, N. ., Takesada, M. ., Srepusharawoot, P. ., & Thongbai, P. . (2021). (La3+ Mg2+) codoped BiFeO3 nanopowders: Synthesis, characterizations, and giant dielectric relaxations. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48(6), 766–772. Retrieved from https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/244868
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References
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[35] Malik RA, Zaman A, Hussain A, Maqbool A, Song TK, Kim WJ, et al. Temperature invariant high dielectric properties over the range 200°C-500°C in BiFeO3 based ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2018;38:2259-63.
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[37] Yotburut B, Yamwong T, Thongbai P, Maensiri S. Synthesis and characterization of coprecipitation-prepared La-doped BiFeO3 nanopowders and their bulk dielectric properties. Japanese J Appl Phys. 2014;53:06JG13.
[38] Boonlakhorn J, Putasaeng B, Kidkhunthod P, Thongbai P. Improved dielectric properties of (Y+Mg) codoped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by controlling geometric and intrinsic properties of grain boundaries. Mater Des. 2016;92:494-8.
[39] Boonlakhorn J, Kidkhunthod P, Thongbai P. A novel approach to achieve high dielectric permittivity and low loss tangent in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by codoping with Sm3+ and Mg2+ ions. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2015;35:3521-8.
[40] Vijayanand S, Mahajan MB, Potdar HS, Joy PA. Magnetic characteristics of nanocrystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 at low temperatures. Phys Rev B. 2009;80:064423.
[41] Jalil MA, Chowdhury SS, Sakib MA, Yousuf SMEH, Ashik EK, Firoz SH, et al. Temperature-dependent phase transition and comparative investigation on enhanced magnetic and optical properties between sillenite and perovskite bismuth ferrite-rGO nanocomposites. J Appl Phys. 2017;122(8):084902.
[42] Gowrishankar M, Babu DR, Saravanan P. Room temperature multiferroism in La and Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 nanoparticles. MaterLett. 2016;171:34-7.
[43] Lu YW, Qi X. Hydrothermal synthesis of pure and Sb-doped BiFeO3 with the typical hysteresis loops of ideal ferroelectrics. J Alloy Comp. 2019;774:386-95.
[44] Dong W, Hu W, Berlie A, Lau K, Chen H, Withers RL, et al. Colossal dielectric behavior of Ga+Nb Co-doped rutile TiO2. ACS Appl Mater Interfac. 2015;7(45):25321-5.
[2] Wang W, Li L, Lu T, Wang R, Zhang N, Luo W, et al. Colossal permittivity in BaTiO3-0.5wt%Na0.5Ba0.5TiO3 ceramics with high insulation resistivity induced by reducing atmosphere. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2019;39(14):4168-76.
[3] Liu Q, Liu J, Lu D, Zheng W. Colossal dielectric behavior and relaxation in Nd-doped BaTiO3 at low temperature. Ceram Int. 2018;44(6):7251-8.
[4] Park T, Nussinov Z, Hazzard K, Sidorov V, Balatsky A, Sarrao J, et al. Novel dielectric anomaly in the hole-doped La2Cu1-xLixO4 and La2-xSrxNiO4 insulators: signature of an electronic glassy state. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94:017002.
[5] Meeporn K, Yamwong T, Thongbai P. La1.7Sr0.3NiO4 nanocrystalline powders prepared by a combustion method using urea as fuel: preparation, characterization, and their bulk colossal dielectric constants. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2014;53:06JF01.
[6] Adams T, Sinclair D, West A. Characterization of grain boundary impedances in fine- and coarse-grained CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Phys Rev B. 2006;73(9):094124.
[7] Felix AA, Saska LA, Bezzon VDN, Cilense M, Ramirez MA. Enhanced electrical behavior in Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Ceram Int. 2019;45:14305-11.
[8] Tang Z, Huang Y, Wu K, Li J. Significantly enhanced breakdown field in Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by tailoring donor densities. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2018;38:1569-75.
[9] Chen K, Li GL, Gao F, Liu J, Liu JM, Zhu JS. Conducting grain boundaries in the high-dielectric-constant ceramic CaCu3Ti4O12. J Appl Phys. 2007;101:074101.
[10] Liu L, Fan H, Wang L, Chen X, Fang P. Dc-bias-field-induced dielectric relaxation and ac conduction in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Phil Mag. 2008;88:537-45.
[11] Yu R, Xue H, Cao Z, Chen L, Xiong Z. Effect of oxygen sintering atmosphere on the electrical behavior of CCTO ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2012;32:1245-9.
[12] Wu J, Nan CW, Lin Y, Deng Y. Giant dielectric permittivity observed in Li and Ti doped NiO. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;89:217601.
[13] Pan W, Cao M, Qi J, Hao H, Yao Z, Yu Z, et al. Defect structure and dielectric behavior in SrTi1-x(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xO3 ceramics. J Alloy Comp. 2019;784:1303-10.
[14] Pan W, Cao M, Diao C, Tao C, Hao H, Yao Z, et al. Structures and dielectric properties of (Nb, Zn) codoped SrTiO3 ceramics at various sintering temperatures. J Mater Sci. 2019;54:12401-10.
[15] Tuichai W, Danwittayakul S, Chanlek N, Thongbai P. Nonlinear current-voltage and giant dielectric properties of Al3+ and Ta5+ codoped TiO2 ceramics. Mater Res Bull. 2019;116:137-42.
[16] Hu W, Liu Y, Withers RL, Frankcombe TJ, Noren L, Snashall A, et al. Electron-pinned defect-dipoles for high-performance colossal permittivity materials. Nat Mater. 2013;12:821-6.
[17] Yang C, Wei X, Hao J. Colossal permittivity in TiO2 codoped by donor Nb and isovalent Zr. J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:307-15.
[18] Yu Y, Li WL, Zhao Y, Zhang TD, Song RX, Zhang YL, et al. Large-size-mismatch co-dopants for colossal permittivity rutile TiO2 ceramics with temperature stability. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2018;38:1576-82.
[19] Hu W, Lau K, Liu Y, Withers RL, Chen H, Fu L, et al. Colossal dielectric permittivity in (Nb+Al) codoped rutile TiO2 ceramics: compositional gradient and local structure. Chem Mater. 2015;27:4934-42.
[20] Liu GC, Fan HQ, Xu J, Liu ZY, Zhao YW. Colossal permittivity and impedance analysis of niobium and aluminum co-doped TiO2 ceramics. Rsc Adv. 2016;6(54):48708-14.
[21] Wang X, Zhang B, Shen G, Sun L, Hu Y, Shi L, et al. Colossal permittivity and impedance analysis of tantalum and samarium codoped TiO2 ceramics. Ceram Int. 2017;43:13349-55.
[22] Lunkenheimer P, Fichtl R, Ebbinghaus S, Loidl A. Nonintrinsic origin of the colossal dielectric constants in CaCu3Ti4O12. Phys Rev B. 2004;70:172102.
[23] Thongbai P, Yamwong T, Maensiri S. Correlation between giant dielectric response and electrical conductivity of CuO ceramic. Solid State Comm. 2008;147:385-7.
[24] Yotburut B, Thongbai P, Yamwong T, Maensiri S. Electrical and nonlinear current-voltage characteristics of La-doped BiFeO3 ceramics. Ceram Int. 2017;43:5616-27.
[25] Lin P, Cui S, Zeng X, Huang H, Ke S. Giant dielectric response and enhanced thermal stability of multiferroic BiFeO3. J Alloy Comp. 2014;600:118-24.
[26] Ni L, Chen XM. Enhanced giant dielectric response in Mg-substituted CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Solid State Comm. 2009;149: 379-83.
[27] Wang CC, Zhang LW. Polaron relaxation related to localized charge carriers in CaCu3Ti4O12. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:142905.
[28] Ni L, Chen XM. Dielectric relaxations and formation mechanism of giant dielectric constant step in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:122905.
[29] Kim CH, Jang YH, Seo SJ, Song CH, Son JY, Yang YS, et al. Effect of Mn doping on the temperature-dependent anomalous giant dielectric behavior of CaCu3Ti4O12. Phys Rev B. 2012;85(24):245210.
[30] Zheng JC, Frenkel AI, Wu L, Hanson J, Ku W, Bozin ES, et al. Nanoscale disorder and local electronic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12: an integrated study of electron, neutron, and x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine structure, and first-principles calculations. Phys Rev B. 2010;81(14):144203.
[31] Nakashima S, Hayashimoto R, Fujisawa H, Shimizu M. Bulk photovoltaic effects in Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films and the optical strains. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2018;57(11S):11UF11.
[32] Okamoto N, Kariya K, Yoshimura T, Fujimura N. The effect of crystal distortion and domain structure on piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2018;57:11UF07.
[33] Hunpratub S, Thongbai P, Yamwong T, Yimnirun R, Maensiri S. Dielectric relaxations and dielectric response in multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;94:062904.
[34] Wang QQ, Wang CC, Zhang N, Wang H, Li YD, Li QJ, et al. Dielectric relaxations in pure, La-doped, and (La, Co)-codoped BiFeO3: post-sintering annealing studies. J Alloy Comp. 2018;745:401-8.
[35] Malik RA, Zaman A, Hussain A, Maqbool A, Song TK, Kim WJ, et al. Temperature invariant high dielectric properties over the range 200°C-500°C in BiFeO3 based ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2018;38:2259-63.
[36] Dong G, Tan G, Liu W, Xia A, Ren H. Crystal structure and highly enhanced ferroelectric properties of (Tb, Cr) codoped BiFeO3 thin films fabricated by a sol-gel method. Ceram Int. 2014;40:1919-25.
[37] Yotburut B, Yamwong T, Thongbai P, Maensiri S. Synthesis and characterization of coprecipitation-prepared La-doped BiFeO3 nanopowders and their bulk dielectric properties. Japanese J Appl Phys. 2014;53:06JG13.
[38] Boonlakhorn J, Putasaeng B, Kidkhunthod P, Thongbai P. Improved dielectric properties of (Y+Mg) codoped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by controlling geometric and intrinsic properties of grain boundaries. Mater Des. 2016;92:494-8.
[39] Boonlakhorn J, Kidkhunthod P, Thongbai P. A novel approach to achieve high dielectric permittivity and low loss tangent in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by codoping with Sm3+ and Mg2+ ions. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2015;35:3521-8.
[40] Vijayanand S, Mahajan MB, Potdar HS, Joy PA. Magnetic characteristics of nanocrystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 at low temperatures. Phys Rev B. 2009;80:064423.
[41] Jalil MA, Chowdhury SS, Sakib MA, Yousuf SMEH, Ashik EK, Firoz SH, et al. Temperature-dependent phase transition and comparative investigation on enhanced magnetic and optical properties between sillenite and perovskite bismuth ferrite-rGO nanocomposites. J Appl Phys. 2017;122(8):084902.
[42] Gowrishankar M, Babu DR, Saravanan P. Room temperature multiferroism in La and Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 nanoparticles. MaterLett. 2016;171:34-7.
[43] Lu YW, Qi X. Hydrothermal synthesis of pure and Sb-doped BiFeO3 with the typical hysteresis loops of ideal ferroelectrics. J Alloy Comp. 2019;774:386-95.
[44] Dong W, Hu W, Berlie A, Lau K, Chen H, Withers RL, et al. Colossal dielectric behavior of Ga+Nb Co-doped rutile TiO2. ACS Appl Mater Interfac. 2015;7(45):25321-5.