An integrated approach to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs and quantify their properties in the Bugani field
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Published:
Jul 28, 2021
Keywords:
Naturally fractured reservoirs Petrophysical log interpretation Pressure transient analysis Integrated characterization approach Pressure build-up
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Abstract
Naturally fractured reservoirs are the most important geological features that contain large amounts of hydrocarbon reserves. Therefore, the identification and evaluation of fractured zones are crucial in the oil production optimization and field development decisions. While different techniques have been introduced to detect and characterize fractured zones, using each method in isolation may not lead to a full detailed reservoir description and lower hydrocarbon recovery. The purpose of this paper is to provide a combined approach to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs. Conventional petrophysical logs were used in combination to identify the reservoir fractures. Pressure transient analysis was conducted for the same wells to evaluate the properties of the detected natural fractures. The integration process was applied to three wells belonging to one of the Libyan oilfields known as the Bugani Field, located in the country's southeast region. Three fractures were detected at different depths where most of the fractures were large, open, non-horizontal, and filled with hydrocarbon. Well test analysis results showed different flow stages and models for the reservoir. Flow regimes for wells BU-02, BU-03, and BU-04 were 4, 5, and 9, respectively, where each flow regime was used to define specific fracture and reservoir properties. The skin factor was negative for all wells; thus, the fracture permeability was very high, varying between 2200-4500 md. Also, there was a variation in the two porosity system obtained from the well test.
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Tarhuni, M. N. ., Sulaiman, W. R. ., & Jaafar, M. Z. . (2021). An integrated approach to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs and quantify their properties in the Bugani field. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48(6), 747–758. Retrieved from https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/244866
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
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[32] Wang H, Liao X, Lu N, Cai Z, Liao C, Dou X. A study on development effect of horizontal well with SRV in unconventional tight oil reservoir. J Energ Inst. 2014;87(2):114-20.
[33] Al-Rbeawi S. Analysis of pressure behaviors and flow regimes of naturally and hydraulically fractured unconventional gas reservoirs using multi-linear flow regimes approach. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2017;45:637-58.
[34] Ji J, Yao Y, Huang S, Ma X, Zhang S, Zhang F. Analytical model for production performance analysis of multi-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2017;158:380-97.
[35] Qin J, Cheng S, He Y, Luo L, Wang Y, Feng N, al. Estimation of non-uniform production rate distribution of multi-fractured horizontal well through pressure transient analysis: model and case study. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2017 Oct 9-11; San Antonio, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2017. p. 22.
[36] Yuan B, Su Y, Moghanloo RG, Rui Z, Wang W, Shang Y. A new analytical multi-linear solution for gas flow toward fractured horizontal wells with different fracture intensity. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2015;23:227-38.
[37] Zeng J, Wang X, Guo J, Zeng F, Zhang Q. Composite linear flow model for multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight sand reservoirs with the threshold pressure gradient. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2018;165:890-912.
[38] Zhang Q, Su Y, Wang W, Sheng G. A new semi-analytical model for simulating the effectively stimulated volume of fractured wells in tight reservoirs. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2015;27:1834-45.
[39] Al-Rbeawi S. Bivariate log-normal distribution of stimulated matrix permeability and block size in fractured reservoirs: proposing new multilinear-flow regime for transient-state production. SPE J. 2018;23(04):1316-42.
[40] Gu D, Ding D, Gao Z, Zhang A, Tian L, Wu T. Pressure transient analysis of multiple fractured horizontal wells in naturally fractured unconventional reservoirs based on fractal theory and fractional calculus. Petroleum. 2017;3(3):326-39.
[41] Vasilev I, Alekshakhin Y, Kuropatkin G. Pressure transient behavior in naturally fractured reservoirs: flow analysis. SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition; 2016 Nov 1-3; Astana, Kazakhstan. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2016. p. 27.
[42] Cinco-Ley H, Samaniego-V F. Transient pressure analysis for fractured wells. J Petrol Tech. 1981;33(09):1749-66.
[43] Afagwu C, Abubakar I, Kalam S, Al-Afnan SF, Awotunde AA. Pressure-transient analysis in shale gas reservoirs: a review. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2020;78:103319.
[44] Chen ZM, Liao XW, Zhang H, Yu W, Shen XD, Shang XT, et al. Well testing model of fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs with continuum and discrete fracture networks. SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference; 2018 Jul 23-25; Houston, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2018. p. 16.
[45] Chen Z, Liao X, Zhao X, Dou X, Zhu L. Performance of horizontal wells with fracture networks in shale gas formation. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2015;133:646-64.
[46] Liu H, Zhao X, Tang X, Peng B, Zou J, Zhang X. A discrete fracture-matrix model for pressure transient analysis in multistage fractured horizontal wells with discretely distributed natural fractures. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2020;192:107275.
[47] Akberova A, Davletbaev A, Chudinova A, Efimov D, Abdullin R, Urazov R, et al. Application of well tests for naturally fractured reservoir's analysis with complex void structure. SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference; 2018 Oct 15-17; Moscow, Russia. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2018. p. 13.
[48] Chen Z, Liao X, Yu W, Sepehrnoori K. Pressure-transient behaviors of wells in fractured reservoirs with natural- and hydraulic-fracture networks. SPE J. 2019;24(01):375-94.
[49] Kuchuk F, Biryukov D. Pressure-transient tests and flow regimes in fractured reservoirs. SPE Res Eval Eng. 2015;18(02):187-204.
[50] Laksana DP, Sitaresmi R, Oetomo HK, Puspiantoro A. Case study well test analysis on gas well in basement granite reservoir of south Sumatera. SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition; 2019 Oct 29-31; Bali, Indonesia. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2019. p. 7.
[51] Pattay PW. Transient pressure behavior in fractured reservoirs. European Petroleum Conference; 1998 Oct 20-22; The Hague, Netherlands. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 1998. p. 16.
[52] Yang F, Wang XH, Liu H. Well test interpretation model for wells drilled in cavity of fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs. Shuidonglixue Yanjiu yu Jinzhan/Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics Ser A. 2011;26:278-83.
[2] Shalaby MR, Islam MA. Fracture detection using conventional well logging in carbonate Matulla Formation, Geisum oil field, southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt. J Petrol Explor Prod Tech. 2017;7(3):977-89.
[3] Chacon A, Tiab D. Effects of stress on fracture properties of naturally fractured reservoirs. Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference; 2007 Apr 15-18; Buenos Aires, Argentina. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2007. p. 14.
[4] Qasem F. Pressure transient behavior of partially naturally fractured reservoirs. Offshore Technology Conference Asia; 2016 Mar 22-25; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2016. p. 8.
[5] Martinez LP, Hughes RG, Wiggins ML. Identification and characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using conventional well logs. Oklahoma: The University of Oklahoma; 2002.
[6] Elkewidy TI, Tiab D. Application of conventional well logs to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs with their hydraulic (flow) units; a novel approach. SPE Gas Technology Symposium; 1998 Mar 15-18; Calgary, Canada. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 1998. p. 14.
[7] Dutta P, Mardi C, Akbar M, Singh SK, Al-Genai J, Akhtar A. A novel approach to fracture characterization utilizing borehole seismic data. SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference; 2007 Mar 11-14; Manama, Bahrain. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2007. p. 6.
[8] Thompson LB. Fractured reservoirs: integration is the key to optimization. J Petrol Tech. 2000;52(02):52-4.
[9] Verga FM, Carugo C, Chelini V, Maglione R, de Bacco G. Detection and characterization of fractures in naturally fractured reservoirs. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2000 Oct 1-4; Dallas, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2000. p. 8.
[10] Aghli G, Soleimani B, Moussavi-Harami R, Mohammadian R. Fractured zones detection using conventional petro physical logs by differentiation method and its correlation with image logs. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2016;142:152-62.
[11] Ge X, Fan Y, Zhu X, Deng S, Wang Y. A method to differentiate degree of volcanic reservoir fracture development using conventional well logging data-an application of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens. 2014;7(12):4972-8.
[12] Elrafie EA, Russell SD, Vassilellis G, McCarty RS, Austin JW, Medellin F. Natural fracture detection, characterization and modeling in a tight oil carbonate resource enables thorough multi-disciplinary integration, targeted development and enhanced overall resource performance. Unconventional Resources Technology Conference; 2015 Jul 20-22; San Antonio, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2015.
[13] Rajabi M, Sherkati S, Bohloli B, Tingay M. Subsurface fracture analysis and determination of in-situ stress direction using FMI logs: an example from the Santonian carbonates (Ilam Formation) in the Abadan plain, Iran. Tectonophysics. 2010;492(1-4):192-200.
[14] Nelson R. Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs. 2nd ed. USA: Gulf Professional Publishing; 2001.
[15] Verga FM, Carugo C, Chelini V, Maglione R, Bacco G. Detection and characterization of fractures in naturally fractured reservoirs. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2000 Oct 1-4; Dallas, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2000.
[16] Paillet FL, Cheng CH. Acoustic waves in boreholes. Francis: CRC press; 1991.
[17] Laongsakul P, Duerrast H. Characterization of reservoir fractures using conventional geophysical logging. Songklanakarin J Sci Tech. 2011;33(2):237-46.
[18] Martinez LP, Hughes R, Wiggins M. Characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs from conventional well logs. Oklahoma: The University of Oklahoma; 2002.
[19] Chang J, Yortsos YC. Pressure-transient analysis of fractal reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Eval Eng. 1990;5(1):31-8.
[20] Beier RA. Pressure transient model of a vertically fractured well in a fractal reservoir. SPE Reservoir Eval Eng. 1994;9(02):122-8.
[21] Acuna J, Ershaghi I, Yortsos YC. Practical application of fractal pressure transient analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Eval Eng. 1995;10(03):173-9.
[22] Olarewaju J. Modeling fractured reservoirs with stochastic fractals. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference; 1996 Oct 13-16; Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 1996.
[23] Izadi M, Yildiz T. Transient flow in discretely fractured porous media. SPE J. 2009;14(02):362-73.
[24] Biryukov D. Kuchuk FJ. Transient pressure behavior of reservoirs with discrete conductive faults and fractures. Transp Porous Med. 2012;95(1):239-68.
[25] Chen Z. A semianalytical model for pressure-transient analysis of fractured wells in unconventional plays with arbitrarily distributed discrete fractures. SPE J. 2018;23(06):2041-59.
[26] Rbeawi SA, Tiab D. Pressure behaviours and flow regimes of a horizontal well with multiple inclined hydraulic fractures. Int J Oil Gas Coal Tech. 2013;6(1/2):207-41.
[27] El Sharawy M. Fractured basement reservoir identification using geophysical well log data, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Adv Appl Sci Res. 2015;6(8):17-35.
[28] Vincent P, Portier E. A new methodology for naturally fractured reservoir characterization: use of multi-well interference tests interpretation. SPE Europec; 2020 Dec 1-3; Amsterdam, Netherlands. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2020. p. 31.
[29] Behmanesh H, Hamdi H, Clarkson CR. Production data analysis of tight gas condensate reservoirs. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2015;22:22-34.
[30] Demicco RV. Fuzzy logic in geological sciences: a literature review. In: Demicco RV, Klir GJ, editors. Fuzzy Logic in Geology. UK: Academic Press; 2004. p. 103-120.
[31] Mayerhofer MJ, Lolon EP, Youngblood JE, Heinze JR. Integration of micro seismic-fracture-mapping results with numerical fracture network production modeling in the Barnett shale. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2006 Sep 24-27; San Antonio, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2006. p. 8.
[32] Wang H, Liao X, Lu N, Cai Z, Liao C, Dou X. A study on development effect of horizontal well with SRV in unconventional tight oil reservoir. J Energ Inst. 2014;87(2):114-20.
[33] Al-Rbeawi S. Analysis of pressure behaviors and flow regimes of naturally and hydraulically fractured unconventional gas reservoirs using multi-linear flow regimes approach. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2017;45:637-58.
[34] Ji J, Yao Y, Huang S, Ma X, Zhang S, Zhang F. Analytical model for production performance analysis of multi-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2017;158:380-97.
[35] Qin J, Cheng S, He Y, Luo L, Wang Y, Feng N, al. Estimation of non-uniform production rate distribution of multi-fractured horizontal well through pressure transient analysis: model and case study. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2017 Oct 9-11; San Antonio, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2017. p. 22.
[36] Yuan B, Su Y, Moghanloo RG, Rui Z, Wang W, Shang Y. A new analytical multi-linear solution for gas flow toward fractured horizontal wells with different fracture intensity. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2015;23:227-38.
[37] Zeng J, Wang X, Guo J, Zeng F, Zhang Q. Composite linear flow model for multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight sand reservoirs with the threshold pressure gradient. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2018;165:890-912.
[38] Zhang Q, Su Y, Wang W, Sheng G. A new semi-analytical model for simulating the effectively stimulated volume of fractured wells in tight reservoirs. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2015;27:1834-45.
[39] Al-Rbeawi S. Bivariate log-normal distribution of stimulated matrix permeability and block size in fractured reservoirs: proposing new multilinear-flow regime for transient-state production. SPE J. 2018;23(04):1316-42.
[40] Gu D, Ding D, Gao Z, Zhang A, Tian L, Wu T. Pressure transient analysis of multiple fractured horizontal wells in naturally fractured unconventional reservoirs based on fractal theory and fractional calculus. Petroleum. 2017;3(3):326-39.
[41] Vasilev I, Alekshakhin Y, Kuropatkin G. Pressure transient behavior in naturally fractured reservoirs: flow analysis. SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition; 2016 Nov 1-3; Astana, Kazakhstan. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2016. p. 27.
[42] Cinco-Ley H, Samaniego-V F. Transient pressure analysis for fractured wells. J Petrol Tech. 1981;33(09):1749-66.
[43] Afagwu C, Abubakar I, Kalam S, Al-Afnan SF, Awotunde AA. Pressure-transient analysis in shale gas reservoirs: a review. J Nat Gas Sci Eng. 2020;78:103319.
[44] Chen ZM, Liao XW, Zhang H, Yu W, Shen XD, Shang XT, et al. Well testing model of fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs with continuum and discrete fracture networks. SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference; 2018 Jul 23-25; Houston, Texas. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2018. p. 16.
[45] Chen Z, Liao X, Zhao X, Dou X, Zhu L. Performance of horizontal wells with fracture networks in shale gas formation. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2015;133:646-64.
[46] Liu H, Zhao X, Tang X, Peng B, Zou J, Zhang X. A discrete fracture-matrix model for pressure transient analysis in multistage fractured horizontal wells with discretely distributed natural fractures. J Petrol Sci Eng. 2020;192:107275.
[47] Akberova A, Davletbaev A, Chudinova A, Efimov D, Abdullin R, Urazov R, et al. Application of well tests for naturally fractured reservoir's analysis with complex void structure. SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference; 2018 Oct 15-17; Moscow, Russia. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2018. p. 13.
[48] Chen Z, Liao X, Yu W, Sepehrnoori K. Pressure-transient behaviors of wells in fractured reservoirs with natural- and hydraulic-fracture networks. SPE J. 2019;24(01):375-94.
[49] Kuchuk F, Biryukov D. Pressure-transient tests and flow regimes in fractured reservoirs. SPE Res Eval Eng. 2015;18(02):187-204.
[50] Laksana DP, Sitaresmi R, Oetomo HK, Puspiantoro A. Case study well test analysis on gas well in basement granite reservoir of south Sumatera. SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition; 2019 Oct 29-31; Bali, Indonesia. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 2019. p. 7.
[51] Pattay PW. Transient pressure behavior in fractured reservoirs. European Petroleum Conference; 1998 Oct 20-22; The Hague, Netherlands. USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers; 1998. p. 16.
[52] Yang F, Wang XH, Liu H. Well test interpretation model for wells drilled in cavity of fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs. Shuidonglixue Yanjiu yu Jinzhan/Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics Ser A. 2011;26:278-83.