Impact of multi-air plasma jets on nitrogen concentration variance in effluent of membrane bioreactor pilot-plant
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Published:
Jul 28, 2021
Keywords:
Air discharge Wastewater treatment Membrane bioreactor (MBR) Circulating system Water reuse
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Abstract
An investigation of an atmospheric non-thermal air plasma effect on the modification of nitrogen concentration in the effluent of membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot-plant has been proposed in this paper. The plasma treatment system has been a vertical liquid circulating system with horizontal multi-air plasma jets generated by a 125 W neon power supply. It has been found out that the variation trend of nitrogen concentration in air plasma-treated MBR effluent and deionized water (DI water) with different electrical conductivity (EC), ranging from 361.3 ± 21.3 to 2,153.3 ± 83.1 mS/cm, has been similar. The trend has been a positively skewed bell-like curve. The highest nitrogen concentration in the plasma-treated effluent has been found out at 15 min plasma treatment, which has been almost two times higher than that of the untreated effluent. The experimental results show that the EC of treated media had not significantly influenced the nitrogen concentration variance. However, considerably low EC (less than 1 mS/cm) of liquid media affects the difficulty of plasma generation. Regarding the experimental results, the atmospheric non-thermal air plasma has shown a positive impact on the nitrogen enhancement of MBR effluent, which could provide information in water reuse applications.
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Theepharaksapan, S. ., Lerkmahalikhit, Y. ., Suwannapech, P. ., Boonnong, P. ., Limawatchanakarn, M. ., & Matra, K. . (2021). Impact of multi-air plasma jets on nitrogen concentration variance in effluent of membrane bioreactor pilot-plant. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48(6), 732–739. Retrieved from https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/244853
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
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[38] Judee F, Simon S, Bailly C, Dufour T. Plasma-activation of tap water using DBD for agronomy applications: identification and quantification of long lifetime chemical species and production/consumption mechanisms. Water Res. 2018;133:47-59.
[39] Kondeti S, Phan CQ, Wende K, Jablonowski H, Gangal U, Granick JL, et al. Long-lived and short-lived reactive species produced by a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet for the inactivation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;124(1):275-87.
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[2] Judd S. The MBR book: principles and applications of membrane bioreactors for water and wastewater treatment. 2nd ed. Netherlands: Elsevier; 2010.
[3] Crook J, Ammerman D, Okun D, Matthews R. Guidelines for water reuse. Washington: Environmental Protection Agency; 2012.
[4] Chandini, Kumar R, Kumar R, Prakash O. The impact of chemical fertilizers on our environment and ecosystem. Research trends in environmental sciences. 2nd ed. India: AkiNik Publications; 2019. p. 69-86.
[5] Bijoor N, Czimczik C, Pataki D, Billings S. Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn. Glob Chang Biol. 2008;14(9):2119-31.
[6] Matra K, Tawkaew S. Decolorization of methylene blue in an Ar non-thermal plasma reactor. J Eng Sci Tech Rev. 2020;13(1):114-9.
[7] Deng Y, Zhao R. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. Curr Pollut Rep. 2015;1(3):167-76.
[8] Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Huang Q. Degradation of norfloxacin in aqueous solution by atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma: Mechanism and degradation pathways. Chemosphere. 2018;210:433-9.
[9] Theepharaksapan S, Matra K. Atmospheric argon plasma jet for post-treatment of bio treated landfill leachate. 2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON); 2018 Mar 7-9; Krabi, Thailand. New York: IEEE; 2018. p. 1-4.
[10] Dechthummarong C, Matra K. An investigation of plasma activated water generated by 50 Hz half wave ac high voltage. 2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON); 2018 Mar 7-9; Krabi, Thailand. New York: IEEE; 2018. p. 1-4.
[11] Kaushik N, Ghimire B, Li Y, Adhikari M, Veerana M, Kaushik N, et al. Biological and medical applications of plasma-activated media, water and solutions. Biol Chem. 2018;400(1):39-62.
[12] Simeckova J, Krcma F, Klofac D, Dostal L, Kozakova Z. Influence of plasma-activated water on physical and physical-chemical soil properties. Water. 2020;12(9):2357.
[13] Kucerova K, Henselova M, Slovakova L, Hensel K. Effects of plasma activated water on wheat: germination, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzymes activity. Plasma Process Polym. 2019;16(3):1800131.
[14] Tanakaran Y, Luang-In V, Matra K. Effect of atmospheric pressure multicorona air plasma and plasma-activated water on germination and growth of rat-tailed radish seeds. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2021;49(2):563-72.
[15] Sun B, Xin Y, Zhu X, Gao Z, Yan Z, Ohshima T. Effects of shock waves, ultraviolet light, and electric fields from pulsed discharges in water on inactivation of Escherichia coli. Bioelectrochemistry. 2018;120:112-9.
[16] Lukes P, Clupek M, Babicky V, Sunka P. Ultraviolet radiation from the pulsed corona discharge in water. Plasma Source Sci Tech. 2008;17(2):24012-11.
[17] Sunka P. Pulse electrical discharges in water and their applications. Phys Plasma. 2001;8:2587-94.
[18] Wang H, Wandell R, Tachibana K, Vorac J, Locke BR. The influence of liquid conductivity on electrical breakdown and hydrogen peroxide production in a nanosecond pulsed plasma discharge generated in a water-film plasma reactor. J Phys Appl Phys. 2019;52(7):075201.
[19] Ghosh S, Bishop B, Morrison I, Akolkar R, Scherson D, Mohan Sankaran R. Generation of a direct-current, atmospheric-pressure microplasma at the surface of a liquid water microjet for continuous plasma-liquid processing. J Vac Sci Tech. 2015;33(2):021312.
[20] Xian Y, Lu X, Wu S, Chu P, Pan Y. Are all atmospheric pressure cold plasma jets electrically driven?. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;100(12):4-7.
[21] Mohamed AAH, Aljuhani MM, Almarashi JQM, Alhazime AA. The effect of a second grounded electrode on the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet. Plasma Res Express. 2020;2(1):1-21.
[22] Nikiforov A, Sarani A, Leys C. The influence of water vapor content on electrical and spectral properties of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Plasma Source Sci Tech. 2011;20(1):015014.
[23] Riba JR, Morosini A, Capelli F. Comparative study of ac and positive and negative dc visual corona for sphere-plane gaps in atmospheric air. Energ. 2018;11(10):2671.
[24] Chen Z, Lin L, Cheng X, Gjika E, Keidar M. Effects of cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water in cell cancer therapy. Plasma Process Polym. 2016;13(2):1151-6.
[25] Vlad IE, Anghel SD. Time stability of water activated by different on-liquid atmospheric pressure plasmas. J Electrostat 2017;87:284-92.
[26] Cheng X, Sherman J, Murphy W, Ratovitski E, Canady J, Keidar M. The effect of tuning cold plasma composition on glioblastoma cell viability. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e98652.
[27] Walsh JL, Kong MG. Contrasting characteristics of linear-field and cross-field atmospheric plasma jets. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;93:111501.
[28] Saito G, Nakasugi Y, Akiyama T. Generation of solution plasma over a large electrode surface area. J Appl Phys. 2015;118(2):023303.
[29] Alteri GB, Bonomo M, Decker F, Dini D. Contact glow discharge electrolysis: effect of electrolyte conductivity on discharge voltage. Catalysts. 2020;10(10):1104.
[30] Chokradjaroen C, Jiangqi N, Panomsuwan G, Saito N. Insight on solution plasma in aqueous solution and their application in modification of chitin and chitosan. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4308.
[31] Qazi HI, Xin Y, Li H, Khan M, Zhou L, Bao C. Effects of liquid electrical conductivity on the electrical and optical characteristics of an Ac-excited argon gas-liquid-phase discharge. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2018;46(8):2856-64.
[32] Bogaerts A, Neyts E, Gijbels R, Van der Mullen J. Gas discharge plasmas and their applications. Spectrochim Acta B Atom Spectros. 2002;57(4):609-58.
[33] Muehe CE. AC breakdown in gases. Technical report. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1965.
[34] Thirumdas R, Kothakota A, Annapure U, Siliveru K, Blundell R, Gatt R, et al. Plasma activated water (PAW): chemistry, physico-chemical properties, applications in food and agriculture. Trends Food Sci Tech. 2018;77:21-31.
[35] Lu X, Naidis GV, Laroussi M, Reuter S, Graves DB, Ostrikov K. Reactive species in non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas: generation, transport, and biological effects. Phys Rep. 2016;630:1-84.
[36] Suslow TV. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) for water disinfection monitoring, control, and documentation. ANR Publication. 2004;8149:1-5.
[37] Wu Y, Bu L, Duan X, Zhu S, Kong M, Zhu N, et al. Mini review on the roles of nitrate/nitrite in advanced oxidation processes: radicals transformation and products formation. J Clean Prod. 2020;273(18):123065.
[38] Judee F, Simon S, Bailly C, Dufour T. Plasma-activation of tap water using DBD for agronomy applications: identification and quantification of long lifetime chemical species and production/consumption mechanisms. Water Res. 2018;133:47-59.
[39] Kondeti S, Phan CQ, Wende K, Jablonowski H, Gangal U, Granick JL, et al. Long-lived and short-lived reactive species produced by a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet for the inactivation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;124(1):275-87.
[40] Radi R. Peroxynitrite, a stealthy biological oxidant. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(37):26464-72.