A safety-based evaluation of strut-and-tie methods for shear design of RC deep beams in accordance with international concrete codes
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
On the basis of strut-and-tie models (STMs) in accordance with international concrete codes such as ACI 318-14, AASHTO LRFD, CSA A23.3, Eurocode2 and fib MC 2010, a safety-based evaluation of shear design methods for RC deep beams was performed and is reported in this paper. The variability in load actions and member resistances consisting of uncertainty in material characteristics, fabrication tolerances and modeling uncertainties were taken into account as random variables. Using Rackwitch-Fiessler’s procedure with typical ranges for normal and high strength concrete and an extensive range of live-to-dead load ratios, the reliability or safety indices used to measure the safety level were investigated. It was found that the deep beams made from normal strength concrete and designed using STMs following the international concrete codes considered here provided a satisfactory safety level. Finally, for each of the STMs for design of deep beams, probability-based reduction factors are suggested to fulfill the target reliability index by greater than 3.5.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Smith KN, Vantsiotis AS. Shear strength of deep beams. ACI J. 1982;79(3):201-13.
Kong FK, Robins PJ, Cole DF. Web reinforcement effects on deep beams. ACI J. 1970;67(12):1010-8.
Quintero-Febres C, Parra-Montesinos G, Wight JK. Strength of struts in deep concrete members designed using strut-and-tie method. ACI Struct J. 2006;103(4): 577-86.
Ismail KS, Guadagnini M, Pilakoutas K. Shear behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. ACI Struct J. 2017;114(1):87-99.
Hwang SJ, Lu WY, Lee HJ. Shear strength prediction for deep beams. ACI Struct J. 2000;97(3):367-76.
Russo G, Venir R, Pauletta M. Reinforced concrete deep beams - shear strength model and design formula. ACI Struct J. 2005;102(3):429-37.
Chetchotisak P, Teerawong J, Yindeesuk S, Song J. New strut-and-tie-models for shear strength prediction and design of RC deep beams. Comput Concr. 2014;14(1):19-40.
Chetchotisak P, Teerawong J, Chetchotsak, D, Yindeesuk S. Efficiency factors for reinforced concrete deep beams: part 2- code calibration. Adv Mater Res. 2014;10(931-932):514-9.
Chetchotisak P, Teerawong J, Yindeesuk S. Multiple linear regression models for shear strength prediction and design of simply-supported deep beams subjected to symmetrical point loads. Eng and Appl Sci Res. 2015; 42(3):219-25.
Chetchotisak P, Rulak P, Teerawong J. Modified interactive strut-and-tie model for shear strength prediction of RC corbels. Eng and Appl Sci Res. 2019;46(1):18-25.
Chetchotisak P, Yindeesuk S, Teerawong J. Interactive strut-and-tie model for shear strength prediction of RC pile caps. Comput Concr. 2017;20(3): 329-338.
Chetchotisak P, Arjsri E, Teerawong J. Strut‑and‑tie model for shear strength prediction of RC exterior beam–column joints under seismic loading. Bull Earthq Eng. 2020;18(4):1525–1546.
Ghasemi SH, Nowak AS. Reliability index for non-normal distributions of limit state functions. Struct Eng Mech. 2017;62(3):365-72.
Ghasemi SH, Nowak AS. Target reliability for bridges with consideration of ultimate limit state. Eng Struct. 2017;152:226-37.
Chetchotisak P, Ruengpim P, Chetchotsak D, Yindeesuk S. Punching shear strengths of RC slab-column connections: prediction and reliability. KSCE J Civ Eng. 2018;22(8):3066-76.
Chetchotisak P, Teerawong J. Reliability-based assessment of RC pile cap design methods and proposals for their strength resistance factors. KSCE J Civ Eng. 2019;23(8):3372-82.
Yanaka M, Ghasemi SH, Nowak AS. Reliability-based and life-cycle-cost oriented design recommendations for prestressed concrete bridge girders. Struct Concr. 2016;17(5):836-47.
Hosseini P, Ghasemi SH, Jalayer M, Nowak AS. Performance-based reliability analysis of bridge pier subjected to vehicular collision: extremity and failure. Eng Fail Anal. 2019;106:104176.
Szerszen MM, Nowak AS. Calibration of design code for buildings (ACI 318): part 2 reliability analysis and resistance factors. ACI Struct J. 2003;100(3):383-91.
Ghasemi SH, Nowak AS. Reliability analysis of circular tunnel with consideration of the strength limit state. Geomech Eng. 2018;15(3):879-88.
ACI Committee 318. 318-14: Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. USA: American Concrete Institute; 2014.
AASHTO. AASHTO LRFD Bridge design specification. USA: AASHTO; 2012.
CSA A23. 3-04 Design of concrete structures. Rexdale: Canadian Standards Association; 2014.
European Committee for Standardization Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures-part 1.1: general rules and rules for buildings. Brussels: European Committee; 2004.
fib MC. fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010. Berlin: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn; 2010.
Reineck KH, Kuchma DA, Sim KS, Marx S. Shear database for reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement. ACI Struct J. 2003;100(2):240-9.
Nowak AS, Collins K. Reliability of structures. New York: McGrew-Hill; 2000.
Ang AHS, Tang WH. Probabilistic concepts in engineering: emphasis on applications to civil and environmental engineering. USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2006.
Baji H, Ronagh HR. Reliability-based study on ductility measures of reinforced concrete beams in ACI 318. ACI Struct J. 2016;113(2):373-82.
Reineck KH, Todisco L. Database of shear tests for non-slender reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. ACI Struct J. 2014;111(6):1363-72.
Todisco L, Reineck KH, Bayrak O. Database with shear tests on non-slender reinforced concrete beams with vertical stirrups. ACI Struct J. 2015;112(6):761-9.
Rakoczy AM, Nowak AS. Resistance model of lightweight concrete members. ACI Mat J. 2013; 110(1):99-108.
Nowak AS, Rakoczy AM, Szeliga E. Revised statistical resistance models for R/C structural components. ACI Spec Pub. 2012;284:1-16.
Ellingwood B, Galambos TV. Probability-based criteria for structural design. Struct Saf. 1982;1(1):15-26.
Rakoczy AM, Nowak AS. Resistance factors for lightweight concrete members. ACI Struct J. 2014; 111(1):103-12.
Zhang LXB, Hsu TT. Behavior and analysis of 100 MPa concrete membrane elements. J Struct Eng. 1998; 124(1):24-34.
Kaufmann W, Marti P. Structural concrete: cracked membrane model. J Struct Eng. 1998;124(12):1467-75.
Zwicky D, Vogel T. Critical inclination of compression struts in concrete beams. J Struct Eng. 2006;132(5):686-93.