Particulate matter and source identification: A case study of Nigeria
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Published:
Jun 14, 2019
Keywords:
Air pollution PM Receptor model Health effect Stakeholders Mitigations World
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Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM), an important air pollutant, is one of the causes of death both in developed and developing countries of the world. There has been collaboration, dialogue and consultation with stakeholders who identify the problems and formulate policies to mitigate it. In order for mitigation to be effective, efforts have been put in place by researchers to study PM by identifying and quantifying their various sources. The results have assisted in formulating effective measures to reduce the problem. There is awareness now both in developed and developing countries of the need to reduce air pollution. Several tools for improving air quality have been developed. Many types of research have been carried out on PM using source apportionment methods and the results have been helpful in the places researched. Nigeria has been part of the research work. This paper reviews the efforts that researchers have made in this area, with the aim of better understanding the magnitude of PM pollution in Nigeria, the availability of instrumentation and chemicals, the receptor model used, and the possible sources of PM which could be a threat to public health. The paper, therefore, highlights the aims of research, the methodology, receptor model employed and results. Implications and recommendations of the studies are provided.
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O., A. F., D., F. S., A., A., J., E. J., & E., M. O. (2019). Particulate matter and source identification: A case study of Nigeria. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 46(2), 151–169. Retrieved from https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/153078
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References
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[21] Orogade SA, Owoade KO, Hopke PK, Adie DB, Ismail A, Okuofu CA. Source apportionment of fire and coarse particulate matter in industrial areas of Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Aerosol Air Quality Res. 2016; 16:1179-90.
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[26] Oluyemi EA, Asubiojo OI. Ambient air particulate matter in Lagos, Nigeria: a study using receptor modeling with X-ray fluorescence analysis. Bulletin Chem Soc Ethiopia. 2001;15(2):97-108.
[27] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI, Abiye OE. PIXE characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate sizes collected in Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2012;94(5):884-94.
[28] Owoade OK, Fawole OG, Olise FS, Ogundele LT, Olaniyi HB, Almeida MS, et al. Characterization and source identification of airborne particulate loadings at reception site-classes of Lagos mega-city, Nigeria. J Air Waste Mgt Ass. 2013;63(9):1026-35.
[29] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI, Chiari M, Nava S, Calzolai G, et al. Elemental compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 and PM2.5 aerosols of a Nigerian urban city using ion beam analytical techniques. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res B. 2014;334:28-33.
[30] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI. Multi-elemental analysis and source apportionment of urban aerosols in a low density residential area: a case study of Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria. Ife J Sci. 2015;17(2):415-27.
[31] Ezeh GC, Oboh IB, Asubiojo OI, Chiari M, Nava S, Calzolai G, et al. The complementary of PIXE and PIGE techniques: a case study of size segregated airborne particulates collected from a Nigeria city. Appl Rad Isotopes. 2015;103:82-92.
[32] Abiye OE, Obioh IB, Ezeh GC. Elemental characterization of urban particulates at receptor locations in Abuja, North Central, Nigeria. Atm Environ. 2013;81:695-701.
[33] Abiye OE, Obioh IB, Ezeh GC, Alfa A, Ojo EO, Ganiyu AK. Receptor modeling of atmospheric aerosols in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Ife J Sci 2014;16(1):107-19.
[34] Obioh IB, Ezeh GC, Abioye OE, Alpha A, Ojo EO, Ganiyu AK. Atmospheric particulate matter in Nigerian megacities. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2013; 95(3):379-85.
[2] Ediagbonya TF, Tobin AE, Ukpebor EE. The level of suspended particulate matter in wood industry (sawmills) in Benin City, Nigeria. J Environ Chem Ecotoxicol. 2013;5(1):1-6.
[3] WHO. WHO standards [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jan 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/694771/WHO-SDEPHE-OEH-06.02-eng.pdf.
[4] Gopalaswami R. A study of effects of weather, vehicular traffic and other sources of particulate air pollution on the city of Delhi for the year 2015. J Environ Poll Human Health. 2016;(4(2):24-41.
[5] Farao C, Canepari S, Perrino C, Harrison RM. Sources of PM in an industrial area: comparison between receptor model results and semi empirical calculations of source contributions. Aerosol Air Quality Res. 2014;14:1558-72.
[6] American Chemical Society. Newly detected air pollutant Mimics damaging effects of cigarette smoke [Internet]. Science Daily: American Chemical Society [cited 2011 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub-releases/2008-08/acs-nda072308.php.
[7] UNEP. Year book emerging issues update: Air pollution: World’s worst environmental health risk. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme; 2014.
[8] Johnson T, Guttikunda S, Wells GJ, Artaxo P, Bond TC, Russell AG, et al. Tools for improving air quality management. A review of top-down source apportionment techniques and their application in developing countries. ESWAP Formal Report. Washington: World Bank; 2013. Report No.: 339/11.
[9] Claudio AB, Bo RL, Amato F, Haddad IE, Favez O, Roy MH, et al. European guide on with receptor models air pollution source apportionment. JCR Reference Reports. Italy: Institute for Environment and Sustainability; 2014.
[10] Ndamitso MM, Abdulkadir A, Abulude FO. Total atmospheric deposit source apportionment: a review. Environmental Skeptics and Critics. 2016;5(4):63-78.
[11] Molina MJ, Molina LT. Megacities and atmospheric pollution. Air Waste Manage Assoc. 2004;54:644-80.
[12] Asian Development Bank. Improving air quality monitoring in Asia: a good practice guidance Mandaluyong city. Philippines: Asian Development Bank; 2014.
[13] Stockholm Environment Institute. A strategic framework for air quality management in Asia. Korea: Korea Environment Institute, Ministry of Environment–Korea; 2004.
[14] UN Geospatial Information Section [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 1] https://www.un.org/Depts/ Cartographic/english/htmain.htm.
[15] Okunola OJ, Uzairu A, Gimba CE, Kagbu JA. Metal inter-relationship and its mobility in samples collected along roadside corridors of Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Res J Environ Toxicol. 2011;5:336-47.
[16] Okuo JM, Ndiokwere CL. Elemental concentrations of total suspended particulate matter in relation to air pollution in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: a case study of Warri. Trends Appl Sci Res. 2006;1:91-6.
[17] Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). National environmental standard – noise control: part II, No 59 (1992). Nigeria: FEPA; 1991.
[18] Akinlade GO, Olaniyi HB, Olise FS, Owoade OK, Almeida SM, Almeida SM, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of the particulate size distribution and chemical composition over Ibadan, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess; 2015;187(8):1-14.
[19] Onabowale MK, Owoade OK. Assessment of residential indoor-outdoor airborne particulate matter in Ibadan, Southwesten Nigeria. Donnish J Phy Sci. 2015;1(1):1-7.
[20] Moses EA, Orok UB. Contamination and health risk assessment of suspended particulate (SPM) in Uyo, Niger Delta, Nigeria. J Sci Res Rep. 2015;6(4):276-86.
[21] Orogade SA, Owoade KO, Hopke PK, Adie DB, Ismail A, Okuofu CA. Source apportionment of fire and coarse particulate matter in industrial areas of Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Aerosol Air Quality Res. 2016; 16:1179-90.
[22] Owoade KO, Hopke PK, Olise FS, Ogundele LT, Fawole OG, Olaniyi BH, et al. Chemical compositions and source identification of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5- PM10) from a scrap iron and steel smelting industry along the Ife-Ibadan highways Nigeria. Atm Pollu Res. 2015;6:107-19.
[23] Adebiyi FM, Ezeh GC, Adeyemi FA, Obioh IO. Trace elements in particulate matter of ambient air at petroleum filling stations. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2015;97(7):847-56.
[24] Fawole OG, Olofinjana B, Owoade OK. Compositional and air-mass trajectory analysis of a heavy dust episode (HDE) aerosols in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. British J Appl Sci Tech. 2016;13(1):1-15.
[25] Owoade KO, Hopke PK, Olise FS, Adewole OO, Ogundele LT, Fawole OG. Source apportionment analyses for fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5 -10) mode particulate matter (PM) measured in an urban area in southwestern, Nigeria. Atm Poll Res. 2016;7(5)843-57.
[26] Oluyemi EA, Asubiojo OI. Ambient air particulate matter in Lagos, Nigeria: a study using receptor modeling with X-ray fluorescence analysis. Bulletin Chem Soc Ethiopia. 2001;15(2):97-108.
[27] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI, Abiye OE. PIXE characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate sizes collected in Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2012;94(5):884-94.
[28] Owoade OK, Fawole OG, Olise FS, Ogundele LT, Olaniyi HB, Almeida MS, et al. Characterization and source identification of airborne particulate loadings at reception site-classes of Lagos mega-city, Nigeria. J Air Waste Mgt Ass. 2013;63(9):1026-35.
[29] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI, Chiari M, Nava S, Calzolai G, et al. Elemental compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 and PM2.5 aerosols of a Nigerian urban city using ion beam analytical techniques. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res B. 2014;334:28-33.
[30] Ezeh GC, Obioh IB, Asubiojo OI. Multi-elemental analysis and source apportionment of urban aerosols in a low density residential area: a case study of Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria. Ife J Sci. 2015;17(2):415-27.
[31] Ezeh GC, Oboh IB, Asubiojo OI, Chiari M, Nava S, Calzolai G, et al. The complementary of PIXE and PIGE techniques: a case study of size segregated airborne particulates collected from a Nigeria city. Appl Rad Isotopes. 2015;103:82-92.
[32] Abiye OE, Obioh IB, Ezeh GC. Elemental characterization of urban particulates at receptor locations in Abuja, North Central, Nigeria. Atm Environ. 2013;81:695-701.
[33] Abiye OE, Obioh IB, Ezeh GC, Alfa A, Ojo EO, Ganiyu AK. Receptor modeling of atmospheric aerosols in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Ife J Sci 2014;16(1):107-19.
[34] Obioh IB, Ezeh GC, Abioye OE, Alpha A, Ojo EO, Ganiyu AK. Atmospheric particulate matter in Nigerian megacities. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2013; 95(3):379-85.