Modeling and Simulation of PV System with P&O MPPT for Dynamic Load Conditions

Authors

  • Venkata Anjani Kumar G Department Of EEE, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT-AP), Ongole 523225, India https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3111-0525
  • Sriramulu Naik Mudhavath Department Of EEE, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT-AP), Ongole 523225, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-9792
  • Kotla Siva Koti Reddy Department Of EEE, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT-AP), Ongole 523225, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69650/rast.2025.261215

Keywords:

P&O MPPT, PV System, Dynamic Load Changes, Different Irradiations, Simulink

Abstract

Nowadays, solar energy is gaining more popularity in the world due to its significant nature of being green and sustainable. Yet, many are concerned about power generation because its efficiency is low. So, by using advanced algorithms like MPPT, we can improve the efficiency of solar power generation through PV panels. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is one of the most commonly used techniques due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, its performance is affected by load variations and rapidly changing environmental conditions, leading to power losses. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the P&O MPPT algorithm for different load conditions and explores various modifications to enhance tracking accuracy. The integration of MPPT with power converters further improves system efficiency. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing P&O MPPT in real-world PV systems. Future advancements in adaptive MPPT strategies will be crucial in maximizing solar energy utilization.

References

Olabode , O. E., Okakwu , I. K., Akinyele , D. O., Ajewole, T. O., Oyelami, S. and Olisa, O. V., Effect of Ambient Temperature and Solar Irradiance on Photovoltaic Modules' Performance. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment. 15 (2024) 402-420, doi: https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2024.15.04.08.

Vinnikov, D., Chub, A., Kosenko, R., Sidorov, V. and Lindvest, A., Implementation of global maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic microconverters: A survey of challenges and opportunities. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 11 (2023) 2259-2280, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3137521.

Abdel-Salam, M., El-Mohandes, M. T. and Goda, M. An improved perturb-and-observe based MPPT method for PV systems under varying irradiation levels. Solar Energy. 171 (2018) 547-561, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.080.

Girgis, M. E. and Elkhateeb, N. A., Enhancing photovoltaic MPPT with P&O algorithm performance based on adaptive PID control using exponential forgetting recursive least squares method. Renewable Energy. 237 (2024): 121801, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121801.

Zainuri, M. A. A. M., Radzi, M. A. M., Soh, A. C., Rahim, N. A., Development of adaptive perturb and observe-fuzzy control maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic boost dc-dc converter. IET Renewable Power Generation. 8 (2014) 183-194, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0362.

Fekik, A., Hamida, M. L., Azar, A. T., Ghanes, M., Hakim, A., Denoun, H. and Hameed, I. A. Robust power control for PV and battery systems: integrating sliding mode MPPT with dual buck converters. Frontiers in Energy Research. 12 (2024) 1-15, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1380387.

Chouder, A., Silvestre, S. and Sadaoui, N. Modeling and simulation of a grid connected PV system based on the evaluation of main PV module parameters. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 20 (2012) 46–58, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2011.08.011.

Femia, N., Petrone, G., Spagnuolo, G. and Vitelli, M., Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 20 (2005)963-973, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2005.850975.

Khakhu, S., Masiri, I., Wattan, R. and Janjai, S. A semi-empirical model for calculating spectral global solar irradiance under clear sky conditions in Thailand. Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology. 17 (2022) 9–15.

Shafeek, M. A., Yogaraju, H., Singh, J. and Thanaventhran, L., Modelling and Simulation of DC-DC Boost Converter and Inverter for PV System. Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology. 1 (2021) 62–67, doi: https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v1i2.11.

Hayat, A., Sibtain, D., Murtaza, A. F., Shahzad, S., Jajja, M. S. and Kilic, H., Design and Analysis of Input Capacitor in DC–DC Boost Converter for Photovoltaic-Based Systems. Sustainability. 15 (2023) 6321. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076321.

Ramana, M., Santra, S. B. and Chatterjee, D. Compensator Design Method of PV Integrated Boost Converter for Voltage Ripple Minimization. in 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET). (2024) 1-5, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/SEFET61574.2024.10717934.

Jately, V., Bhattacharya, S., Azzopardi, B., Montgareuil, A., Joshi, J. and Arora, S. Voltage and Current Reference Based MPPT Under Rapidly Changing Irradiance and Load Resistance. in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. (2021), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2021.3058454.

Esram, T. and Chapman P. L., Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 22 (2007) 439-449, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2006.874230.

Hohm, D. P. and Ropp, M. E., Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 11 (2003) 47-62, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.459.

Salas, V., Olias, E., Barrado, A. and Lazaro, A., Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 90 (2006) 1555-1578, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.10.023.

Susuk, S., Inchoorrun, N., Promjan, W., Chawananorasest, K. and Jamjumroon, S. Thermal Evaluation of Solar Dryer’s Curve-Front utilized Heat Transfer Analysis. Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology. 19 (2024) 7–12. https://doi.org/10.69650/rast.2024.257468.

Girgis, M. E. and Elkhateeb, N. A., Enhancing photovoltaic MPPT with P&O algorithm performance based on adaptive PID control using exponential forgetting recursive least squares method. Renewable Energy. 237 (2024) 1-12, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121801.

Houssamo, I., Locment, F. and Sechilariu, M. Experimental analysis of impact of MPPT methods on energy efficiency for photovoltaic power systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 46 (2013) 98–107, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.10.048.

Downloads

Published

23 July 2025

How to Cite

G, V. A. K., Sriramulu Naik Mudhavath, & Kotla Siva Koti Reddy. (2025). Modeling and Simulation of PV System with P&O MPPT for Dynamic Load Conditions. Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology, 20(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.69650/rast.2025.261215

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): July-December

Section

Research articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 School of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology (SGtech)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

All copyrights of the above manuscript, including rights to publish in any media, are transferred to the SGtech.

The authors retain the following rights;

            1. All proprietary rights other than copyright.

            2. Re-use of all or part of the above manuscript in their work.

            3. Reproduction of the above manuscript for author’s personal use or for company/institution use provided that

            (a) prior permission of SGtech is obtained,

            (b) the source and SGtech copyright notice are indicated, and

            (c) the copies are not offered for sale.