The Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil in Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanocapsule
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Abstract
Lemongrass essential oil was encapsulated in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocapsules using the miniemulsion polymerization method. The polymethyl methacrylate/oil (PMMA/Oil) nanocapsules exhibited high colloidal stability. The antibacterial activity of lemongrass essential oil and PMMA/Oil nanocapsules was determined using the disc diffusion technique to inhibit of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two-week period. It was found that the lemongrass essential oil inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa after 12 h, with inhibition zone diameters of 13.67 ± 0.94 mm, 9.67 ± 1.31 mm, 8.33 ± 0.94 mm, and 11.50 ± 0.41 mm, respectively. Subsequently, the efficacy in inhibiting the growth of all four strains was observed to decrease. In addition, the PMMA/Oil nanocapsules were able to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa at 12 h, with inhibition zone diameters of 25.67 ± 0.94 mm, 21.57 ± 1.14 mm, 16.50 ± 1.08 mm, and 23.67 ± 0.94 mm, respectively. These values indicated that the PMMA/Oil nanocapsules inhibited microbial greater than those of the lemongrass essential oil alone. Furthermore, the PMMA/Oil nanocapsules were able to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa for up to 336 h, with inhibition zone diameters of 25.83 ± 0.62 mm and 24.83 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. In contrast, the growth of S. aureus and E. coli showed larger inhibition zones the PMMA/Oil nanocapsules at 336 h, with inhibition zone diameters of 50.50 ± 0.50 mm and 27.00 ± 1.41 mm, respectively. These results indicate the release of lemongrass essential oil from the nanocapsules, resulting in enhanced and prolonged antimicrobial activity for up to 336 h.
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