Preliminary Test of Antibacterial Activities in Streptomyces sp. SR1301 Isolated from Soil in the Resource Protected Area, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
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Abstract
Actinomycetes are prolific producers of bioactive compounds, most notably antibiotics with significant therapeutic potential. The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance is compounded by a significant decline in the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate actinomycetes from soil samples within the resource-protected area of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi. Isolated strains were screened for antimicrobial activity, and the most potent isolates were identified to the species level. Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples using the serial dilution method and cultivated on humic acid-vitamin (HV) agar. Preliminary antimicrobial screening was performed using the perpendicular streak method. The most potent isolate was selected for crude extract preparation to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against target microorganisms using broth microdilution and streak plate methods. The most active isolate was characterized through morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Results revealed a total of 39 actinomycete isolates, four of which exhibited inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus TISTR 2372 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The observed inhibition zones ranged from 11.30 to 28.50 mm. Isolate SR1301 exhibited the best inhibition against both bacteria with an average inhibition distance of 28.50 ± 1.52 and 25.80 ± 1.47 mm, respectively. The crude extract exhibited an MIC of 64 µg/ml against both test pathogens, while the MBC values were 256 µg/ml for B. cereus and 128 µg/ml for S. aureus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified isolate SR1301 as being closely related to Streptomyces samsunensis M1463T. In conclusion, Streptomyces isolate SR1301 demonstrated significant inhibitory potential against Gram-positive pathogens. These findings suggest that its crude extract warrants further investigation and purification for potential pharmaceutical applications.
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