Production and Characterization of Laccase from Streptomyces salinarius and its Immobilization on Magnetite Nanoparticles
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Abstract
Laccases are valuable enzymes for the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. This study investigates laccase production by Streptomyces salinarius, previously isolated from dye-contaminated soil. Morphological characterization using light and environmental scanning electron microscopy confirmed typical Streptomyces features, including branched rectiflexibiles hyphae and rugose, doliform spores (2 µm) in polysporous chains. Various types of agricultural residues were evaluated at different concentrations to enhance laccase production. Furthermore, laccase properties related to stability and optimal storage were determined. Optimal laccase production (0.824 U/mL) was achieved in submerged fermentation using starch nitrate medium supplemented with 1% rice bran. The crude laccase exhibited stability between pH 4 and 8, retaining approximately 70% activity after storage, and was stable at 30°C for at least 24 hours. Activity was enhanced by Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) but strongly inhibited by ferrous chloride (FeCl2). Immobilization onto magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) is an approach to enable enzyme reuse; thus, this method was investigated using S. salinarius laccase. The results showed that the immobilized preparation retained 70% of its initial specific activity, although the overall protein recovery was 20%. Successful immobilization onto the nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These findings suggest that S. salinarius is a potential source of stable laccase suitable for immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles, offering promising source for bioremediation applications.
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