Species Diversity and Some Ecological Aspects of Chironomus Bloodworm (Order Diptera, Family Chironomidae) in Khon Kaen University during Dry Season
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Abstract
The research conducted at Khon Kaen University investigated the ecological aspects and species diversity of the chironomid bloodworm genus Chironomus (Order Diptera, Family Chironomidae). The chironomid larvae were collected from two sampling sites (the waterspout near the Faculty of Education [S1] and the wastewater treatment ponds [S2]) from January to March 2024 using a D-framed dip net with a mesh size of 450 micrometers and the hand-picking method. The physicochemical parameters of water were measured. There were statistically significant differences in the average values of the water parameters between the two sampling sites (p < 0.05). Additionally, the water parameters of the microhabitats were significantly different (p < 0.05). These parameters included pool [MH1] and flowing water [MH2] (located in S1), aquatic plant [MH3], and riverbank [MH4] (located in S2). Based on the association method, three species of bloodworms were found at Khon Kaen University: C. flaviplumus Type B, C. javanus, and C. kiiensis. Adult morphology can be distinguished based on male genitalia (hypopygium) and female antennae, although larval morphology differs in mouthparts and posterior anal tubes. The ecological study showed that Chironomus larvae commonly build their nests in mud, small rocks, and aquatic plants. They were observed in both still and flowing waterways, with multiple species coexisting in the same microhabitat. Comparing the density of Chironomus between study areas, it was found that S2 has a higher density (83.65%) compared to S1. The high density of bloodworms (54.76%) was observed in MH3, while MH4 (28.89%) and MH1 (8.99%) were the next most abundant. All sampling sites have a range of particle sizes, including very coarse sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, and silt, according to the analysis of the different types of sediment particles. Silt is the most commonly found particle type identified as being utilized in bloodworm nests.
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