Diet for Chronic Kidney Disease before Hemodialysis. The Role of Low-protein Diets and Protein-free Flour Development Guidelines

Abstract

Dietary management for chronic kidney disease patients to provide the body with enough energy per day. Consume a low-protein diet according to the renal deterioration stage, emphasizing high-quality protein consumption along with low sodium diet to reduce renal deterioration and delay renal replacement therapy. Protein-free flour is used in place of rice, noodles, or bread at some meals. In the future, the development of food innovations from protein-free flour, such as developing starch from new raw materials or using starch instead of flour in the product together with texture improvement.